A World War

The Allies tried to open a Balkan front by landing forces at Gallipoli, southwest of Constantinople, in April 1915.

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By 1917, the war had truly become a world conflict. That year, while stationed in the Middle East, a British officer known as Lawrence of Arabia urged Arab princes to revolt against their Ottoman overlords.

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In 1918 British forces from Egypt mobilized troops from India, Australia, and New Zealand and destroyed the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East.

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Japan, a British ally beginning in 1902, seized a number of German-held islands in the Pacific. Australia seized German New Guinea.

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On May 7, 1915, German forces sank the British ship Lusitania.

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On May 13, 1915, Wilson sent the first of four notes to Germany to protest the German violation of American neutrality.

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After strong protests from the United States, the German government suspended unrestricted submarine warfare in September 1915 to avoid antagonizing the United States further.

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Only once did the Germans and British engage in direct naval battle—at the Battle of Jutland on May 31, 1916, when neither side won a conclusive victory.

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By January 1917, the Germans were eager to break the deadlock in the war.

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The British were not forced to surrender, and the return to unrestricted submarine warfare brought the United States into the war in April 1917.

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