Thermodynamics- Review

When a gas expands adiabatically:

• the internal (thermal) energy of the gas decreases.

• the internal (thermal) energy of the gas increases.

• it does no work.

• work is done on the gas.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

A certain gas is compressed adiabatically. The amount of work done on the gas is 400 J. What is the change in the internal (thermal) energy of the gas?

• 400 J

• -400 J

• 600 J

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NGSS.HS-PS3-1

The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude that

• the total energy of the universe is constant.

• disorder in the universe is increasing with the passage of time.

• it is theoretically possible to convert heat into work with 100% efficiency.

• the average temperature of the universe is increasing with the passage of time.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

NGSS.HS-PS3-2

Which of the following is a false statement?

• Entropy is a quantitative measure of disorder.

• The total entropy change in one cycle of a Carnot engine is zero.

• The entropy of an isolated system must be conserved (it remains constant).

• Entropy can be measured in units of J/K.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion. During this process, its entropy

• decreases.

• remains unchanged.

• increases.

• cannot be predicted from the data given.

When water at 0°C freezes, the entropy of the water

• increases.

• decreases.

• remains constant.

• could either increase or decrease; it depends on other factors.

The efficiency of an ideal machine is 100% but an actual machine's efficiency will always be less than 100% because of the second law of thermodynamics which states that:

• energy is neither created nor destroyed, it changes form.

• energy is released into the environment as light energy.

• energy is released into the environment as thermal energy.

• energy is released into the environment as sound energy.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Red-hot steel ball bearings are dropped into a large bucket of cool water. Which graph BEST represents the changes in temperature that will occur?

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Which picture shows the correct transfer of heat if you drop ice cold metal rods into a pot of boiling water?

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Entropy is the amount of disorder in a system. The third law of thermodynamics explains the conditions for attaining minimum entropy. Which fundamental process will get a system to this state?

• Heating

• Cooling

• Ionization

• Nuclear fusion