Unit 7 Pre Test

Natasha is making a model of cellular respiration. Her model shows the pathway followed when there is enough oxygen available. What does Natasha’s model show?

• an aerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis and fermentation

• an anaerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis and fermentation

• an aerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

• an anaerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

In a model summarizing cellular respiration, which of the following must be represented as raw materials, or the reactants of the process?

• glucose and carbon dioxide

• glucose and oxygen

• carbon dioxide and oxygen

• oxygen and lactic acid

• water and oxygen

Living things need energy to carry out their life processes. Animals get this energy from food through a process called cellular ​ (a)   . The first stage, glycolysis, occurs in ​ (b)     conditions, or without oxygen. The second stage, called the Krebs cycle, and the third stage, electron transport, require the presence of oxygen, and are therefore (c)     .

• respiration
• digestion
• photosynthesis
• fermentation
• anaerobic
• aerobic

Which one of the following describes the process of aerobic cellular respiration?

• a process that uses nitrogen molecules from the air to make nitrogenous compounds in living things

• a process of energy conversion that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen, forming new compounds

• a process of energy conversion that captures light energy and transforms it into chemical energy

• a process of energy transfer that converts liquid water into water vapor

The diagram shows the structure of adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
What describes the conversion of ADP to ATP?

• an input of energy as both phosphate groups detach

• a release of energy as one phosphate group detaches

• a release of energy as a third phosphate group is attached

• an input of energy to attach a third phosphate group

Stuart is listing the changes to matter and energy that occur during the process of photosynthesis. Which of these examples should he include in his list?

• nuclear changes that convert hydrogen and oxygen into carbon

• chemical changes that convert carbohydrates into smaller molecules

• changes that convert light energy into chemical energy stored in carbohydrates

• changes that convert chemical energy into heat and light

Xavier is describing the role of electron carriers, such as NADP⁺, in photosynthesis. Which property of NADP⁺ should Xavier cite?

• the chemical bonds formed by electrons in its molecular structure

• its ability to accept and release high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion

• its reactivity with oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide

• its ability to emit a stream of electrons in a nuclear reaction

What BEST describes the role of light in the overall process of photosynthesis?

• Light provides the energy for breaking apart sugars into small molecules.

• Light provides the energy for assembling small molecules into sugars.

• Light accepts the energy that is released by small molecules.

• Light accepts the energy that is released by sugars.

William is developing the model shown below to illustrate the process of photosynthesis. He plans to use the model to explain how photosynthesis transforms both energy and matter.

In a key or legend for the model, how should William describe the roles of NADPH and ATP in the light-independent reactions?

• providing the oxygen for sugar molecules

• providing the carbon for sugar molecules

• absorbing the energy of light and transferring it to electrons

• supplying the energy necessary to assemble sugar molecules

The nitrogen cycle is an example of a(n) (a)   cycle. Its processes include the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which is called ​ (b)   . Nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere in the process of​ (c)   .

• biogeochemical
• nitrogen fixation
• denitrification
• energy
• nitrogen limitation
• nitrogen return