Chapter 12 Test Review

One cultural similarity shared by the Aztec and Incan civilization was that both —

• created a written language

• enslaved conquered peoples

• produced extensive literary works

• developed advanced mathematical skills

Religious practices of the Aztecs were influenced by —

• conquistadores from Spain

• Aztec contact with Incan traders

• earlier Toltec and Zapotec civilizations

• Catholic missionaries living in the Americas

Aztec society was strongly influenced by the —

• written language and folklore of the Incas

• architectural styles and construction methods of the Pueblos

• weaving and fishing techniques of the Yaquis

• mythology and religious practices of the Toltecs

One of the primary motivations for European exploration in the fifteenth and sixteen centuries was to —

• engage directly in international trade for profit

• conquer other people to serve as forced laborers

• locate remote islands for the relocation of criminals

• find new sources of food for Europe’s growing population

Which of the following encouraged European explorers to attempt ocean crossings?

• Improved food preservation techniques

• Chinese maps of North American coastlines

• New navigational technologies and ship construction

• Fears that Chinese treasure fleets would dominate the spice trade

Why was the location labeled as “A” on the map significant to European traders in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

• The location was home to strategic military fortification for the Portuguese.

• The area was a source for valuable spices that were in high demand in Europe.

• War between the Dutch and French traders in the region eventually led to war in Europe.

• Traders used the location as a valuable way station on route to Australia and New Guinea.

The ideas listed above were an underlying cause of —

• European overseas expansion

• European religious wars

• the legalization of slavery in Europe

• the introduction of banking in Europe

As a result of the Columbian Exchange, western Europeans were introduced to —

• the Incan practice of terrace farming

• advanced military technologies from the Aztecs

• new food crops that improved the European diet

• diseases that drastically reduced the population of Europe

As a result of the Columbian Exchange, the landscape of the Americas was significantly changed by the introduction of —

• irrigation

• gold mining

• new livestock

• terrace farming

The main reason for the loss of lives described in the excerpt is that American Indians —

• were shipped to Europe as slaves

• experienced a series of famines

• exhausted their supplies of natural resources

• were not immune to European diseases