Quiz about MI 2.1.3 Review

Question 1

What is the purpose of the 100 bp ladder in the experiment?

Accepted Answer

To provide a size reference for DNA fragments

Answer

To measure the volume of samples

Answer

To control the temperature of the PCR

Answer

To change the color of the samples

Question 2

Which item is highly recommended for visualizing DNA after PCR in SNP analysis of the PTC gene?

Accepted Answer

UV Transilluminator or Blue Light Visualization System

Answer

D.C. power supply

Answer

Automatic micropipettes

Answer

Ice buckets and ice

Question 3

What does SNP stand for in the context of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

Answer

Simple Nucleic Polysequence

Answer

Synchronized Nucleotide Process

Answer

Single Nucleotide Polygraph

Question 4

What is the consequence of a point mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another?

Accepted Answer

It can result in a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).

Answer

It always changes the amino acid sequence of the protein.

Answer

It leads to the deletion of a gene.

Answer

It causes the duplication of a nucleotide sequence.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the PTC gene TAS2R38?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for the ability to taste the bitter compound PTC.

Answer

It determines blood type.

Answer

It encodes for a protein that regulates growth.

Answer

It is a gene that controls eye color.

Question 6

What percentage of the general population can taste PTC according to the text?

Accepted Answer

About 70%

Answer

About 30%

Answer

About 50%

Answer

About 90%

Question 7

How many amino acid differences are there between PTC taster and non-taster alleles according to the sequence analysis of TAS2R38?

Accepted Answer

3

Answer

2

Answer

4

Answer

5

Question 8

What is the inheritance pattern of the TAS2R38 alleles for PTC taste sensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

X-linked recessive

Answer

Mitochondrial

Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 9

In the context of the PTC sensitivity gene, what does the dominant allele (T) confer?

Accepted Answer

The ability to taste PTC

Answer

The inability to taste PTC

Answer

A higher sensitivity to all tastes

Answer

A lower sensitivity to bitter tastes

Question 10

What was the accidental discovery made by Fox related to PTC?

Accepted Answer

He realized that some people could taste PTC while others could not.

Answer

He found that a chemical compound could enhance taste sensitivity.

Answer

He discovered that PTC was a non-toxic substance.

Answer

He invented a new method for synthesizing PTC.

Question 11

What is the nucleotide change at position 145 from a non-taster to a taster in the TAS2R38 gene?

Accepted Answer

G > C

Answer

T > C

Answer

A > G

Answer

C > G

Question 12

Which amino acid change occurs at codon position 785 in the TAS2R38 gene when comparing non-tasters to tasters?

Accepted Answer

Alanine to Proline

Answer

Valine to Alanine

Answer

Isoleucine to Valine

Answer

Proline to Alanine

Question 13

What is the function of restriction enzymes in the detection of SNPs?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific recognition sites.

Answer

They amplify DNA sequences.

Answer

They change the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

Answer

They bind to specific DNA sequences without cutting.

Question 14

Which Nobel Prize-winning scientist is known for the development of PCR?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Kary Mullis

Answer

Dr. Rosalind Franklin

Answer

Dr. James Watson

Answer

Dr. Francis Crick

Question 15

What is the name of the thermostable polymerase used in PCR?

Accepted Answer

Taq polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase I

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Question 16

Which restriction enzyme cannot digest the non-taster allele due to a single base change at the recognition site?

Accepted Answer

HaeIII

Answer

EcoRI

Answer

HpaII

Answer

HindIII

Question 17

What is the size of the PCR product for a Homozygous Taster (TT) after Hae III restriction digest?

Accepted Answer

44 bp and 177 bp

Answer

221 bp

Answer

44 bp

Answer

177 bp

Question 18

Which genotype corresponds to a PCR product of 221 bp that remains uncut after Hae III restriction digest?

Accepted Answer

Non-Taster (tt)

Answer

Homozygous Taster (TT)

Answer

Heterozygous Taster (Tt)

Answer

Cannot be determined

Question 19

During the PCR process, what is the purpose of the annealing step?

Accepted Answer

To allow primers to bind to their target complements

Answer

To separate the double-stranded DNA

Answer

To extend the new DNA strand

Answer

To amplify the DNA to millions of copies

Question 20

How many cycles of PCR are typically run before the amount of product reaches a maximum due to the depletion of reaction components and the loss of DNA polymerase activity?

Accepted Answer

35 cycles

Answer

10-20 cycles

Answer

20-40 cycles

Answer

50 cycles

Question 21

What is the purpose of using PCR-RFLP in the experiment described?

Accepted Answer

To examine the presence of an amino acid coding SNP in the TAS2R38 gene

Answer

To create a DNA fingerprint for forensic analysis

Answer

To clone a segment of DNA for further genetic engineering

Answer

To determine the entire genome sequence of an organism

Question 22

What will the gel electrophoresis of the restriction-digestion PCR products reveal?

Accepted Answer

The 2 alleles of the TAS2R38 gene indicating if a student is homozygous or heterozygous for the taster phenotype

Answer

The size of the amplified DNA fragments

Answer

The presence of a polymorphic region at position 145

Answer

The exact sequence of the DNA amplified

Question 23

What is the target sequence in the PCR process described in the document?

Accepted Answer

A segment of the TAS2R38 gene

Answer

The entire TAS2R38 gene

Answer

Any DNA sequence present in the sample

Answer

A non-coding region of the DNA

Question 24

What is the role of the restriction enzyme HaeIII in the experiment?

Accepted Answer

To cut the DNA at specific sites

Answer

To amplify the DNA

Answer

To denature the DNA strands

Answer

To ligate DNA fragments together

Question 25

What is the correlation that students will investigate in the final module of the experiment?

Accepted Answer

The correlation between their genotype and their ability to taste PTC

Answer

The correlation between DNA concentration and gel electrophoresis results

Answer

The correlation between the number of cycles in PCR and the amount of DNA amplified

Answer

The correlation between the length of the amplified DNA and the restriction sites

Question 26

What is the objective of the experiment described in the document?

Accepted Answer

To isolate human DNA and use PCR to amplify the TAS2R38 gene, which is responsible for detecting the bitter taste of PTC

Answer

To isolate plant DNA and use PCR to amplify the TAS2R38 gene

Answer

To compare the DNA of different species using gel electrophoresis

Answer

To test the effectiveness of different types of PCR reagents

Question 27

Which module involves the amplification of the PTC regions?

Accepted Answer

MODULE II

Answer

MODULE I

Answer

MODULE III

Answer

MODULE IV

Question 28

After centrifuging the cell lysate, what is found in the supernatant that will be used in Module II?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

Saline

Answer

Lysis buffer

Answer

Cell debris

Question 29

For how long should the final extension step be carried out in the PCR cycling conditions?

Accepted Answer

5 minutes

Answer

30 seconds

Answer

4 minutes

Answer

35 cycles

Question 30

What is the purpose of performing a restriction digest on the PCR product in Module III?

Accepted Answer

To determine if a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is present at nucleotide 145

Answer

To amplify the DNA sample

Answer

To label the DNA with fluorescent markers

Answer

To separate the DNA fragments by size

Question 31

Which enzyme is used for the restriction digest in Module III?

Accepted Answer

HaeIII

Answer

Taq polymerase

Answer

EcoRI

Answer

Ligase

Question 32

How long should the restriction digest be incubated?

Accepted Answer

30 minutes

Answer

15 minutes

Answer

1 hour

Answer

2 hours

Question 33

What should you compare to analyze the results of the PTC paper test?

Accepted Answer

Your genotype from Module IV to the phenotype observed with the PTC strips

Answer

The taste of the PTC paper to the taste of the Control paper

Answer

The color of the PTC paper to the Control paper

Answer

The size of the PTC paper to the Control paper

Question 34

How is PCR used to determine human genetics and identify polymorphisms in DNA?

Accepted Answer

By amplifying specific DNA sequences to observe genetic variations

Answer

By changing the DNA sequence to create polymorphisms

Answer

By observing the phenotype of an individual directly

Answer

By using a microscope to see the DNA strands

Question 35

What are the three steps in a PCR cycle and what does each step accomplish?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation, annealing, and extension - to separate DNA strands, bind primers, and synthesize new DNA strands respectively

Answer

Cutting, pasting, and replicating - to edit DNA sequences

Answer

Transcription, translation, and replication - to produce RNA and proteins from DNA

Answer

Mutation, selection, and evolution - to induce changes in DNA over time

Question 36

Considering that not everyone who can taste PTC tastes it the same way, what does this tell you about classical dominant/recessive inheritance?

Accepted Answer

It indicates that PTC tasting does not follow a simple dominant/recessive pattern

Answer

It suggests that PTC tasting follows a simple dominant/recessive pattern

Answer

It implies that PTC tasting is not related to genetics

Answer

It shows that PTC tasting is determined by environmental factors only

MI 2.1.3 Review

44 questions