Ch. 10 Ethnography

Ethnography is best be described as which of the following?

• Synonymous with in-depth interview techniques

• Synonymous with participant observation

• An entirely qualitative approach

• A multi-method approach to field research

• All of the above

Which of the following refers to an in-depth study of a group or culture that exists in an online environment?

• Real-time ethnography

• Virtual ethnography

• Social media ethnography

• Digital ethnography

• Digital media

Which of the following is the general term for any research conducted in a natural setting?

• Field experiment

• Participant observation

• Naturalistic observation

• Deep hanging-out

• Fieldwork

Complete observers and complete participants are both ______, while participants as observers and observers as participants are both ______.

• Formal roles; informal roles

• Covert roles; overt roles

• Overt roles; covert roles

• Unobtrusive roles; obtrusive roles

• Interactive roles; unobtrusive roles

Which of the following best describes when a researcher will most likely use time interval sampling?

• When a random sample is not available

• When the researcher is under time constraints

• When study participants are available only for a one-time interview

• When it is difficult to determine when a behaviour begins or ends

• All of these

Which of the following refers to a data-reduction method used to simplify observations by using categorizations?

• Continuous real-time measurement

• Time-interval sampling

• Encoding

• Conceptualization

• Fixed-interval sampling

Which of the following refers to an ability to understand another culture in its own terms sympathetically enough so that the culture appears to be a coherent and meaningful design for living?

• Ethnocentrism

• Societal relativism

• Cultural relativism

• Cultural differentiation

• Cultural integrity

Which of the following best describes why ethnography is considered reflexive?

• Data are necessarily influenced by the perceptions of the researcher and the processes enacted by that researcher

• The researcher is the data instrument

• Samples are drawn randomly to allow for generalization of results

• Field work occurs in a natural setting

• All of these

Which of the following best describes a primary goal of the ethnographer?

• To generalize findings to a larger population of interest

• To make cultural comparisons

• To locate a representative sample

• To understand the meaning of a phenomena for the participants

• All of these

Which of the following refers to the detailed records about what the researcher hears, sees, experiences, and thinks about while immersed in the social setting?

• Field notes

• Data journal

• Data codes

• Analytic notes

• Methodological notes