14 Court Cases (2324)

Opened the door to equal protection challenges to redistricting and the development of the “one person, one vote”

• Baker v. Carr (1961)

• Shaw v. Reno (1993)

• Schenck v. United States (1919)

• United States v. Lopez (1995)

Race-based school segregation violates the equal protection clause

• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

• Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

• United States v. Lopez (1995)

Political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment

• Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

• New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

• Schenck v. United States (1919)

• Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause

• Engel v. Vitale (1962)

• Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

• Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

• Shaw v. Reno (1993)

Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor to the states

• Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

• Miranda v. Arizona

• Schenck v. United States (1919)

Established the principle of judicial review empowering the Supreme Court to nullify an act of the legislative or executive branch that violates the Constitution

• Marbury v. Madison (1803)

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

• McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

• Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Established supremacy of the U.S. Constitution and federal laws over state laws

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

• Marbury v. Madison (1803)

• United States v. Lopez (1995)

• New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense is applicable to the states

• McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

• Heller v. D.C. (2008)

• Schenck v. United States (1919)

• United States v. Lopez (1995)

Bolstered the freedom of the press, establishing a “heavy presumption against prior restraint” even in cases involving national security

• New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

• Schenck v. United States (1919)

• Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

• Shaw v. Reno (1993)

Speech creating a “clear and present danger” is not protected by the First Amendment

• Schenck v. United States (1919)

• New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

• United States v. Lopez (1995)

• Marbury v. Madison (1803)