#13 Exercise & Immunity MCQ / 17

Which are potential effects of intense training which impact the immune system for an elite athlete?

• I. Tissue inflammation

• II. Reduced resting heart rate

• III. Increased levels of cortisol

Which are effective strategies for minimizing the risk of infection in athletes?

• I. Maintain oral hygiene

• II. Reduce recovery time

• III. Ensure sufficient sleep

What is a function of the immune system?

• A. To sustain increased levels of cortisol

• B. To lower leucocyte numbers

• C. To increase levels of adrenaline

• D. To protect the body against pathogens

Which is a chemical mechanism that the body uses to inhibit an infectious agent?

• A. The production of B lymphocyte cells

• B. Localized inflammation

• C. The formation of a blood clot

• D. The alkaline or acidic conditions found in different bodily fluids

What typically results from high and prolonged training loads?

• A. An increase in cortisol levels

• B. A decrease in insulin levels

• C. An increase in glucagon levels

• D. A decrease in circulating hormone levels

Which describes inflammation?

• A. Tissue damage increases fluid build-up, allowing immune cells to reach the site of damage.

• B. The ability to stop an area of the body from continuing to bleed.

• C. The skin has secretions that help to prevent disease from invading the body.

• D. A localized decrease in the number of leucocytes at the site of tissue damage.

Which training intensity most likely reduces the risk of infection in highly trained athletes?

• A. Low intensity

• B. Moderate intensity

• C. High intensity

• D. There is no relationship between training intensity and risk of infection

Which strategies can athletes use to reduce their risk of infection?

• A. Ensure sufficient sleep

• B. Maintain oral hygiene

• C. Maintain high-intensity training

• D. Reduce recovery time

Which may indicate that an athlete has overtrained?

• A. The athlete shows increased leucocyte count.

• B. The athlete shows decreased leucocyte count.

• C. The athlete will have decreased innate chemical factors.

• D. The athlete shows no signs of increased inflammation.

Which is the main immune response that leads to the symptoms of DOMS?

• A. Chemical secretions

• B. Mucosal secretions

• C. Inflammation

• D. Leucocyte production