IGCSE Geography Physical Paper Edexcel

How are coastal landforms created?

• Volcanic eruptions, weathering, and sedimentation

• Erosion, deposition, and tectonic activity

• Glacial activity, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions

• Deposition, weathering, and earthquakes

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

• Subduction

• Transform

• Convergent

• Divergent

What is a headland and bay coastline?

• A headland and bay coastline is a landform with only soft rock

• A headland and bay coastline is a coastal landform characterized by alternating areas of hard rock (headlands) and soft rock (bays) eroding at different rates.

• A headland and bay coastline is a landform with no erosion

• A headland and bay coastline is a landform with uniform rock composition

What is a spit and how is it formed?

• It is formed through the process of longshore drift, where sediment is transported along the coast by waves and currents, eventually depositing and accumulating to form a long, narrow stretch of sand or shingle projecting from the mainland into a body of water.

• It is formed when there is a gap (such as a bay) in the coastland with water in it. Longshore drift moves sand out across the bay. Where there is no river estuary, the sand can be deposited faster than it is removed. Longshore drift continues to move sand across the bay.

What is the difference between a spit and a sand bar?

• A spit is always submerged, while a sandbar is connected to the mainland.
• A spit is found in oceans, while a sandbar is found in rivers.
• A spit is connected to the mainland at one end, while a sandbar is usually submerged at high tide.
• A spit is a natural landform, while a sandbar is man-made.

Identify one way that waves contribute to coastal erosion

• Waves reduce sediment movement and stabilize coastlines

• Waves create new landforms and prevent erosion

• Waves transport sediment and cause abrasion, leading to the erosion of coastal landforms.

• Waves have no impact on coastal erosion

Explain the formation of a sea arch.

• A sea arch is formed by volcanic activity pushing up rock formations.

• A sea arch is created by the accumulation of sand and sediment over time.

• A sea arch is formed through the erosional processes of hydraulic action, abrasion, and corrosion, which create a wave cut notch.

• A sea arch is formed through the erosional processes of hydraulic action, abrasion, and corrosion, which create a cave that eventually breaks through a headland to form an arch.

What is the Mercalli Scale?

• The Mercalli Scale is used to measure seismic waves only

• The Mercalli Scale measures the epicenter of an earthquake

• The Mercalli Scale measures the focus of the earthquake

• The Mercalli Scale measures the effects of an earthquake at a given location.

What does GIS stand for?

• Geographical Information System
• Geographic Information System
• Global Information System
• Graphical Information System

What is the richter scale?

• The Richter scale is a numerical scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.
• The Richter scale determines the range of an earthquake

• The Richter scale is an unreliable scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.

• The Richter scale measures seismic waves