Who sponsored Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492?

• Louis XIV of France

• Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain

• Henry the Navigator of Portugal

• Queen Elizabeth I of England

What was the primary reason for the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs and Incas?

• To establish trade routes

• To access gold and silver

• To gain territory

• To spread Christianity

Which civilization developed a vast empire in South America?

• Mayas

• Aztecs

• Incas

• Hokokam

What was the estimated native population in the Americas in the 1490s?

• 10 million to 20 million

• 50 million to 100 million

• 5 million to 10 million

• 100 million to 150 million

Which European invention was not adopted from other cultures?

• Gunpowder

• Sailing compass

• Papermaking

• Printing press

What was the main economic motive for European exploration?

• Spreading Christianity

• Discovering new species of plants and animals

• Increased trade with Africa, India, and China

• Finding new lands for settlement

Which country established the first permanent French settlement in America at Quebec?

• Spain

• Portugal

• France

• Netherlands

What was the Valladolid Debate primarily concerned with?

• Trade regulations with Native Americans

• Border disputes between Spanish and Portuguese colonies

• The treatment of Native Americans by the Spanish

• The economic policies in the New World

Which system required the Spanish to pay a tax to their king on each slave imported to the Americas?

• Asiento system

• Encomienda system

• Feudal system

• Mercantilism

What was the Columbian Exchange?

• The exchange of cultural practices between Native Americans and Europeans

• A trade route between Columbus's Spain and the New World

• A diplomatic agreement between European nations to divide the Americas

• A transfer of plants, animals, and germs between the Americas and Europe