APWHM topic quiz 5.6-5.10

Which of following best explains a likely reason for the title of the image?

• The prevalence of slave labor, which was used within the factories

• The soot pollution, which resulted from the coal industry in the region

• The increase in the use of timber, which was transported along the canals

• The construction of factory buildings, which increased throughout the town

The technological processes reflected in the image had the most direct influence on which of the following?

• The French Revolution

• The beginnings of the decolonization movement

• The rise of Japan in the Meiji era

• The expansion of the Ottoman Empire

The economic success of businesses such as the British South Africa Company was in part dependent on which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century?

• The migrations of indentured workers from Asia

• The increasing availability and variety of consumer goods

• The development of new technologies such as the telegraph

• The adoption of innovative practices in banking and finance

As described in the passage, the economic model of the British South Africa Company most directly differed from which of the following economic trends in the late nineteenth century?

• The shift in Asian and African economies from manufacturing of finished goods to resource extraction

• The shift from nation-based businesses and enterprises to transnational businesses and enterprises

• The shift from heavy industry to industries centered on the production of consumer goods

• The shift from mercantilism to free-market trade policies

The “objections” that the chairman refers to in the first paragraph can most directly be explained in relation to which of the following arguments commonly made by laissez-faire economists in the period 1750–1900 ?

• The monopolistic practices of government-chartered joint-stock companies such as the British South Africa Company distorted market competition and hurt consumers.

• Granting government charters to joint-stock companies such as the British South Africa Company allowed too much free trade and hurt workers in home countries.

• Government involvement in the business of companies such as the British South Africa Company inevitably led to deregulation that removed valuable protections for workers and consumers.

• The creation of government-supported joint-stock companies such as the British South Africa Company excluded private investment.

The image from Japan during the Meiji Restoration best exemplifies which of the following processes?

• Attempts by conservative members of society to maintain indigenous traditions

• Cultural changes accompanying greater contact with the United States

• Greater freedom for women resulting from democratization

• Increased emphasis on international cooperation as a result of the lowering of trade barriers

“Without a revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement. The role of vanguard fighter can be fulfilled only by a party that is guided by the most advanced theory. We have said that there could not have been Social-Democratic consciousness among the workers. It could only be brought to them from without. The history of all countries shows that the working class, exclusively by its own effort, is able to develop only trade union consciousness, i.e., the conviction that it is necessary to combine in unions, fight the employers, and strive to compel the government to pass necessary labor legislation. The theory of socialism, however, grew out of the philosophic, historical, and economic theories elaborated by educated representatives of the propertied classes, the intellectuals. Our worst sin with regard to organization is that by our amateurishness we have lowered the prestige of revolutionaries in Russia.”

Vladimir Lenin, Russian exile in Switzerland, What Is to Be Done?, 1902

Question: The views expressed in the passage best illustrate which of the following processes?

• The modification of the economic theories of Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill in European universities

• The desire to retain preindustrial forms of economic production by many imperial governments

• The formulation of alternative visions of society in response to the spread of global capitalism

• The expansion of the middle classes in newly industrialized societies

“Nobody has one exclusive sphere of activity but each can become accomplished in any branch he wishes, society regulates the general production and thus makes it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, raise cattle in the evening, [and] criticize after dinner.”

Karl Marx, German philosopher, describing his view of life in a communist society, 1846

Marx’s statement in the passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following responses to the development and spread of global capitalism in the nineteenth century?

• A movement to gain higher wages and shorter hours for workers

• A movement to articulate an alternative vision of society

• A movement to convince workers that global capitalism would ultimately benefit them

• A movement to celebrate the productive capacity of global capitalism

Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women’s lives?

• By the end of the century, new social welfare legislation made it possible for most women to earn university degrees.

• Married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities.

• By the end of the century, women gained the right to vote in most European countries.

• Women came to dominate the agricultural workforce as men moved to cities to take industrial jobs.

Which of the following global processes led most directly to the historical situation described in the passage?

• Industrialized states acquired new territories as sources of raw materials and markets for goods.

• Imperial states used education to prepare conquered populations for junior positions in local government.

• Religious disputes fed rivalries among neighboring states for control of territory and converts.

• Rebellions against monarchical rule encouraged the creation of new democratic governments.