2024MAR20 FordhamUni

Microglia originates from which germ layer?

• Ectoderm

• Mesoderm

• Endoderm

Which similarities do microglia share with blood macrophages?
Select all that apply:

• Phagocytic capacity

• Cytokine release

• Ontogeny

• Antigen presentation

What tests can be performed to determine the "activation" of microglia?
Select all that apply.

• ELISA
  (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

• PCR
  (Polymerase chain reaction)

• Biomarkers expression

• Morphology analysis

• Flow cytometry

Monocytes and macrophages are continuously being replaces throughout adulthood from bone marrow-derived precursors, while microglia are a long-lived population that self-renews in the healthy CNS, with no peripheric contribution on their turnover.

• True

• False

Select the WRONG statement:

• Microglia are the tissue-resident macrophages of the CNS

• Microglia is part of the innate immune response of the CNS

• Microglia is considered surveillant in homeostatic conditions

• The blood-brain barrier prevents all interactions between microglia and the peripheric immune system

• Microglia are the main antigen-presenting cells inside the brain parenchyma

Which of the following is a primary function of microglia in the CNS?

• Myelination of central nervous system neurons

• Regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

• Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris

• Production of cerebrospinal fluid

During neuroinflammation, microglia can transform into an activated state. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of this activated state?

• Increased phagocytic activity

• Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines

• Enhanced production of neurotrophic factors

• Decreased motility and surveillance capability

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between microglia and astrocytes in the CNS?

• Microglia and astrocytes are both derived from mesodermal germ layer

• Microglia, but not astrocytes, can act as antigen-presenting cells

• Astrocytes, but not microglia, form the blood-brain barrier

• Both microglia and astrocytes are incapable of releasing cytokines