Judicial Review

What is the primary function of Judicial Review?

• To appoint Supreme Court Justices

• To enforce federal laws directly

• To examine and possibly invalidate actions by legislative and executive branches

• To review lower court decisions

Why is Judicial Review considered a check on the legislative and executive branches?

• It allows the Supreme Court to elect members of Congress

• It allows the Supreme Court to enforce laws

• It grants the Supreme Court legislative powers

• It enables the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional

Which clause gives the Supreme Court the authority to rule on state laws?

• Necessary and Proper Clause

• Elastic Clause

• Commerce Clause

• Supremacy Clause

Which of the following is NOT reviewed under Judicial Review?

• Congressional laws

• State actions

• Federal bureaucratic agencies

• Election outcomes

How does the Supreme Court typically handle actions of federal bureaucratic agencies?

• By ignoring their actions completely

• By deferring to the agencies' expertise if consistent with legislative intent

• By always striking down their actions

• By taking over the agencies' functions

In which case did the Supreme Court grant itself the power of Judicial Review?

• Rasul vs. Bush

• U.S. vs. Nixon

• Brown vs. Board of Education

• Marbury vs. Madison

What was the outcome of Marbury vs. Madison regarding the Judiciary Act of 1789?

• It was amended by the Supreme Court

• Part of it was struck down as unconstitutional

• It was upheld entirely

• It was fully supported by the executive branch

What principle makes Supreme Court precedents binding on future courts?

• Habeas corpus

• Ex post facto

• Stare decisis

• Amicus curiae

What was a significant effect of the Miranda vs. Arizona ruling?

• It changed police procedures nationwide

• It limited the President's national security powers

• It abolished the Miranda rights

• It introduced the concept of Judicial Review

Why does the Supreme Court try not to overturn its previous decisions?

• To avoid conflict with the executive branch

• Because it requires a unanimous decision

• Due to the principle of stare decisis

• Because it lacks the authority to do so