Impact History Chapter 12.2

What circumstances led to increased immigration during the mid-1800s? (pg. 439)

• The decline of the American economy.

• The expanding American economy and turmoil in other countries like Ireland.

• The decrease in job availability in America.

• The lack of turmoil in other countries.

What action did workers begin to take that led to changes in working conditions and wages in the 1800s? (pg. 437)

• Workers began to form educational groups.

• Workers began to strike and demand safer conditions and shorter days.

• Workers started their own businesses.

• Workers petitioned for longer working hours.

Inference: How is child labor different today than it was in the 1800's?

• Children who work have a set time they cannot work past on school nights

• Child labor laws have a minimum age that a child can work (usually around 14-16 depending on the state)

• Children are paid at least the minimum wage if they choose to get a job

• Workplaces that employ children need to be safe.

• All of the above are correct for children who are old enough to work and have a work permit

Inference: What is one change in factory conditions from the 1800s to today?

• School-aged children now work 6-hour days instead of 12- hour days.

• Wages have decreased to barely allow subsistence.

• Machines now have safety features and there are laws protecting worker safety.

• Unsafe machinery has increased injuries and deaths on the job.

Inference: How did the length of the workday change from the 1800s to today for American workers?

• The workday increased from 10-hour days to 12-hour days.

• The workday remained the same at 12-hour days.

• The workday decreased from 12-hour days to an 8-hour day.

• The workday is now flexible with no set hours.

Inference: How are wages for workers different TODAY compared to the 1800's?

• Wages remained the same, barely increasing over time.

• Wages have decreased due to inflation.

• There is a minimum wage and higher wages for skilled professions.

• Wages are now paid in goods instead of money.

Which of the following are TRUE statements about the lives of African American people in the north during the mid-1800's? (pg. 437)

• Slavery had largely disappeared in the north by 1830

• Racial prejudice and discrimination remained

• Some African Americans found success despite the discrimination they faced such as Macon B. Allen (the first African American lawyer in the U.S.)

• All of the above

Who was Macon B. Allen? (pg. 437)

• An African American man who founded "Freedom's Journal" in 1827

• The first African American judge in the U.S. in 1855

• The first African American lawyer in the U.S. who began practicing law in 1845

• The first African American mayor of New York City in 1833

Many Irish immigrants moved to the United States between 1840 and 1860 because of turmoil (trouble) in their country. One major cause of turmoil was the Irish Potato (a)   , which caused an extreme shortage of food (pg. 439).

This time period moved the United States from an economy based on agriculture to an economy focused on industry (pg. 428).

• Child Labor Reform Movement

• Agricultural Revolution

• Industrial Revolution

• Innovation Movement