(CP) 11.4 Regulating the Cell Cycle

A disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth.

• Growth factor

• Human growth hormone

• Cancer

• Tumor

Answer explanation

Cancer is a disorder where cells lose control of growth, leading to uncontrolled cell division. It is characterized by abnormal growth and can spread to other parts of the body.

Proteins that direct cells to either speed up or slow down the cell cycle.

• Growth factor

• Human growth hormone

• Cancer

• Tumor

Answer explanation

Growth factors are proteins that regulate the cell cycle, either speeding it up or slowing it down. They play a crucial role in controlling cell growth and division.

What is the mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue called?

• Growth factor

• Human growth hormone

• Cancer

• Tumor

Answer explanation

Tumor is the mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue.

Apoptosis is

• the process of programmed cell death

• the process of programmed cell growth

• the process of programmed cell birth

• the process of programmed cell regulation

Answer explanation

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death.

Which type of tumor causes the most damage?

• Malignant

• Benign

• Premalignant

Answer explanation

Malignant tumors cause the most damage due to their ability to invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Benign tumors, on the other hand, are non-cancerous and do not invade or spread. Premalignant tumors have the potential to become malignant but have not yet done so.

What is the function of cyclins?

• Cyclins are carbohydrates that regulate DNA replication during the mitosis phase of the cell cycle.

• Cyclins are glycoproteins that repair DNA at the beginning of the cell cycle.

• Cyclins are proteins that regulate when and how often a cell divides.

Answer explanation

Cyclins are proteins that control cell division, determining when and how often it occurs.

Non-cancerous tumors are called _____. Cancerous tumors are called _____.

• metastatic ; malignant

• malignant ; benign

• benign ; malignant

• benign ; metastatic

Answer explanation

Non-cancerous tumors are called benign, while cancerous tumors are called malignant. The correct answer is benign for non-cancerous and malignant for cancerous tumors.

What is the term for the spreading of cancerous cells?

• metastasis

• carcinogenesis

• angiogenesis

• homeostasis

Answer explanation

Metastasis is the term for the spreading of cancerous cells. It is the correct choice as it accurately describes the process of cancer cells spreading to other parts of the body.

Cancer creates abnormal cells by disrupting...

• the cell cycle

• red blood cell formation

• DNA replication

• ATP synthesis

Answer explanation

Cancer disrupts the cell cycle, leading to abnormal cell growth and division. This causes the formation of cancerous tumors.

What is a checkpoint in the cell cycle?

• A check to see if the cell is ready to move on

• A check to slow down mitosis

• A check to see if the cell is performing mitosis or meiosis

• A check to make sure the cell doesn't die

Answer explanation

A checkpoint in the cell cycle is a check to see if the cell is ready to move on. It ensures that the cell progresses to the next stage only when it is prepared.