The Brain and Behavior

What was the aim of Raine et al's 1999 study?

• To find a cure for impulsivity and aggression

• To demonstrate the effectiveness of PET scans in detecting mental illness

• To compare the brain activity of murderers and non-murderers using PET scans

• To prove that murderers have a genetic predisposition to violence

What type of experiment did Raine et al conduct?

• Controlled experiment

• Natural experiment

• Field experiment

• Laboratory experiment

How many NGRI participants were involved in the study?

• 41

• 82

• 39

• 2

What were the NGRI participants required to do during the PET scan?

• Sleep

• Perform a Continuous Performance Task

• Meditate

• Exercise

Which area of the brain showed less activity in NGRI participants according to the study?

• Cerebellum

• Occipital lobe

• Parietal lobe

• Prefrontal cortex

What conclusion did Raine et al draw from their study?

• PET scans are ineffective in studying the brain

• All murderers have brain defects

• There is a link between brain structure and aggression

• Brain structure has no link to aggression

What was a limitation mentioned about the PET scan images?

• They are too expensive to be practical

• They can only show the prefrontal cortex

• They are not 100% clear

• They are 100% clear

Which imaging technique is primarily used to measure brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow?

• MRI

• fMRI

• PET Scan

• CT Scan

What is the main difference between MRI and fMRI?

• MRI measures brain structure, while fMRI measures brain activity.

• MRI uses radiation, while fMRI does not.

• fMRI can only image the brain, while MRI can image the entire body.

• MRI provides real-time images, while fMRI images are delayed.

How does the PET scanner detect areas of high activity in the brain?

• By measuring the electrical activity of neurons

• By detecting the higher temperature in active areas

• By tracking the movement of the FDG molecule

• By identifying the concentration of the radioactive tracer in areas of high glucose usage