Spinal Injuries

How many vertebrae are there in the lumbar spine?

• 4

• 5

• 6

• 7

What is lordosis characterized by?

• Normal lumbar vertebral convexity

• Abnormal lumbar vertebral convexity

• Exaggerated thoracic curve

• Straightening of the lumbar curve

Which type of lumbar spine injury involves the displacement of bones?

• Sprain

• Strains

• Fractures

• Dislocation

What is the mechanism of injury (MOI) for a lumbar sprain?

• Forced into excessive trunk extension and rotation

• Forced into excessive trunk flexion and rotation at some time

• Compression of the vertebral joints

• Hyperextension of the lumbar spine

What happens to the posterior aspect of vertebral joints during a lumbar sprain?

• They become compressed and cause nerve impingement

• They separate and stretch ligaments

• They fuse together, limiting mobility

• They undergo calcification

How common are mild/moderate lumbar strains?

• Very rare

• Uncommon

• Very common

• Not specified

Which of the following is NOT a sign/symptom of lumbar strain?

• Pain on one side

• Spasms

• Increased ROM

• Pain moves up and down length of muscles

What develops within the annulus fibrosus leading to a herniated disk?

• Strength

• Inflammation

• Weakness

• Calcification

What can a herniated disk potentially compress?

• The heart

• The liver

• The spinal cord

• The lungs

Where is a herniated disk most commonly found?

• C1 & C2

• L4 & L5

• T1 & T2

• S1 & S2