What is a free rider problem?

• A situation where individuals benefit from resources without paying for them

• A problem where free markets always provide public goods efficiently

• A scenario where riders on public transport do not have to pay fares

• A concept where all goods are provided for free by the government

What are the two characteristics of a public good?

• Demand and supply

• Profitability and scarcity

• Non-exclusion and non-rivalry

• Exclusivity and rivalry

What is the main challenge in solving the Tragedy of the Commons?

• Markets always adjusting for externalities without government intervention

• Governments always providing enough public goods

• Individual incentives leading to overuse and depletion of resources

• Lack of public interest in common goods

What does the Tragedy of the Commons explain?

• The failure of markets to provide enough public goods

• The overuse and depletion of shared resources due to individual incentives

• The benefits of common goods in a competitive market

• The success of communal living and shared resources

What is a negative externality?

• A positive outcome of a market transaction for the public

• A cost incurred by individuals not involved in a transaction

• The external benefit of government intervention in markets

• A benefit that affects someone who did not choose to incur that benefit

How can governments address negative externalities?

• By eliminating taxes and subsidies

• By increasing the production of goods causing externalities

• By taxing activities that generate negative externalities

• By promoting free market policies without intervention

What is a regulatory policy?

• A policy that eliminates all government regulations

• A market-based approach to correct market failures

• A policy that encourages free trade and deregulation

• Rules established by government to control certain activities

What role does the government play in addressing market failures?

• The government has no role in correcting market failures

• The government only observes market activities without intervention

• The government intervenes through policies to correct market failures

• The government ensures that markets are always efficient

What is the purpose of emissions trading or 'cap and trade'?

• To ban all forms of industrial emissions

• To increase the production of pollutants

• To set up incentives for reducing pollution through trading permits

• To allow unlimited emissions from factories

Why is global cooperation necessary to address climate change?

• Because climate change can be solved by individual countries alone

• To create a global government that controls all economic activities

• To ensure that all countries follow the same economic policies

• Because climate change is a global issue requiring trust and commitment from all countries