Cardiovascular System Study Guide

Name 3 formed elements found in whole blood. (Use scientific terms.)

• • - Erythrocytes
    - Leukocytes
    - Thrombocytes

• • - Hemoglobin
    - Platelets
    - Neutrophils

• • - Plasma
    - Lymphocytes
    - Monocytes

• • - Serum
    - Eosinophils
    - Basophils

Which formed element is used to determine a hematocrit?

• Leukocytes

• Platelets

• Erythrocytes

• Hemoglobin

Which layer is the buffy coat?

• 3

• 1

• 2

• 1, 2, 3

Blood plasma is primarily made of water.  What else is found in it?

• • - Oxygen
    - Carbon Dioxide
    - Nutrients
    - Wastes
    - Hormones

• • - Electrolytes
    - Proteins
    - Enzymes
    - Antibodies

• • - Glucose
    - Lipids
    - Amino Acids
    - Urea

• • - Vitamins
    - Minerals
    - Gases
    - Growth Factors

Why can’t oxygen travel through the blood on its own?

• Oxygen needs to be dissolved in a liquid to be transported effectively in the bloodstream.

• Oxygen reacts with other components in the blood if not carried by a specific molecule.

• Oxygen is nonpolar, so it is not soluble in blood.

• Oxygen is a gas and needs a carrier molecule.

How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin protein carry?

• 3

• 4

• 2

• 1

In the center of each heme group can be found an atom of which element?

• Carbon Atom

• Oxygen Atom

• Nitrogen Atom

• Iron Atom

What is the function of the cells known as leukocytes? (BEST Description)

• Release chemicals to attract other immune cells to the site of infection.

• Help the body fight infection and other diseases.

• Produce antibodies to target pathogens.

• Engulf and digest foreign particles.

Name 4 ways erythrocytes differ from leukocytes.

• Erythrocytes are smaller than leukocytes. Erythrocytes have nuclei, while leukocytes do not. Erythrocytes live for years, while leukocytes have a lifespan of 100 - 120 days. Erythrocytes can move on their own, while leukocytes are confined to the bloodstream.

• Erythrocytes are larger than leukocytes. Erythrocytes have nuclei, while leukocytes do not. Erythrocytes live for 100-120 days, while leukocytes have a lifespan of years. Erythrocytes are confined to the bloodstream, while leukocytes can move on their own and pass out of the blood vessels.

• Erythrocytes and leukocytes have similar numbers in the bloodstream. Erythrocytes have nuclei, while leukocytes do not. Erythrocytes live for years, while leukocytes have a lifespan of 100-120 days. Erythrocytes can move on their own, while leukocytes are confined to the bloodstream.

• 1. Erythrocytes outnumber leukocytes 1,000 to 1. Mature erythrocytes do not contain nuclei, while leukocytes always contain nuclei. Erythrocytes live only 100-120 days, whereas some leukocytes can live for years. Erythrocytes are confined to the bloodstream, while leukocytes can move on their own and pass out of the blood vessels.

What is diapedesis? What type of blood cells use this process?

• Diapedesis is a process where particles can flow through plasma and move independently, passing out of blood vessels. Leukocytes use this process.

• Diapedesis is a process where blood cells release chemicals to attract other immune cells to the site of infection. Erythrocytes use this process.

• Diapedesis is a process where blood cells engulf and digest foreign particles. Platelets use this process.

• Diapedesis is a process where blood cells produce antibodies to target pathogens. Hemoglobin uses this process.