5.1 - Temperature, Thermal Energy and Heat(15pts)

The transfer of energy through matter by the direct contact of particles is called​ (a)   .

• heat

• temperature

• thermal energy

• kinetic energy

Answer explanation

The transfer of energy through matter by the direct contact of particles is called heat, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

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HS-PS3-1

When you measure the ​ (a)   of an object, you are measuring the ​ (b)   of its particles.

• temperature

• average kinetic energy

• heat

• potential chemical energy

Answer explanation

When measuring the temperature of an object, you are actually measuring the average kinetic energy of its particles, making both temperature and average kinetic energy the correct choices.

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HS-PS3-1

Use the table (not in order) to categorize the materials based on specific heat.

• Gold

• Temperature change is moderate compared to others

• Aluminium

• Temperature changes least/ slowest

• Copper

• Temperature changes most/ fastest

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HS-PS3-1

The speed of the particles that make up a hot object ​ (a)   when the object’s temperature increases. The ​ (b)   of the atoms and molecules increases when temperature increases.

• increase
• kinetic energy
• decrease

• potential energy

Answer explanation

The speed of particles in a hot object increases with temperature, indicating an increase in kinetic energy.

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HS-PS3-1

Order the process by which the calorimeter is used to measure the specific heat of materials. [Left (step 1) to Right (step 4)]

• Then, the scientist finds the mass of an unknown substance. That substance is heated, and its initial temperature is measured.

• The unknown substance is placed in the water. The substance is allowed to transfer thermal energy to the water until both are at the same temperature.

• This temperature is then measured. From this data, you can calculate the specific heat of the unknown substance.

• A known mass of water is placed in the inner chamber. the water's initial temperature is measured.

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HS-PS3-1

Which material would require the most heat to raise a 5-kg sample of the material from 10°C to 50°C?

• Gold

• Copper

• Lead

• Tin

• Zinc

Answer explanation

Zinc would require the most heat as it has a higher specific heat capacity compared to the other materials listed.

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HS-PS3-4

A 2-kg block of which material would require about 450 joules of thermal energy to increase its temperature by 1°C?

Q=m(T_f - T_i)C

• Gold

• Copper

• Lead

• Tin

• Zinc

Answer explanation

To calculate the thermal energy required, use the formula Q=m(Tf-Ti)C. Tin has a specific heat capacity of 227 J/kg°C, so it would require about 450 joules to increase the temperature of a 2-kg block by 1°C.

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HS-PS3-4

Approximately how much does the temperature of .033 kgs of graphite change when it absorbs 350 J of thermal energy?

Q=m(T_change)C

• 0^o

• 100^o

• 5^o

• 15^o

Answer explanation

The formula Q=m(Tchange)C is used to calculate the temperature change. Given m=0.033g, Q=350J, and C=710 J/kg°C for graphite, Tchange = 350/(0.033 x 710) = 15°C.

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HS-PS3-4