Lesson 4 The Motion of Particles

Which of these is NOT one of the three most common states of matter?

• gas
• liquid
• solid
• steam

Which of these would exert more pressure on the surface of an icy pond?

• a person laying down on the surface of the ice
• a person standing on the surface of the ice while using a snowboard
• a person crawling on their hands and knees on the surface of the ice
• a person standing on the surface of the ice while wearing normal shoes

A state of matter is the physical form matter takes on as determined by the

• arrangement and motion of its atoms or molecules.
• number of atoms or molecules in a particular substance.
• shape of the container holding the atoms or molecules.
• volume of the container surrounding the atoms or molecules.

Ice made from water is a solid because the atoms or molecules

• vibrate in place.
• are unable to move around.
• are closely packed and touching.
• all of the above

A solid is considered to have a

• flexible shape and a fixed volume.
• fixed shape and a changing volume.
• fixed shape and a fixed volume.
• flexible shape and a changing volume.

Which of these is true of liquid matter?

• The atoms or molecules in a liquid do not touch.
• The atoms or molecules in a liquid do not vibrate.
• The atoms or molecules in a liquid are closely packed.
• all of the above

Why can a macroscopic amount of liquid that is contained change with the shape of the solid container holding it?

• Liquid molecules and atoms take on the characteristics of the solids with which they interact.
• Liquid molecules and atoms easily vibrate and only appear to change shape in the container.
• Liquid molecules and atoms are able to slip around each other and fill in gaps between them.
• Liquid molecules and atoms are not closely packed and are able to fill in gaps between them.

What role does gravity play in the way a liquid fills a container?

• Gravity pulls molecules and atoms downward, causing them to fill empty gaps.
• Gravity puts equal pressure on molecules and liquids, causing them to hold one shape.
• Gravity causes molecules and atoms to expand horizontally at the bottom of a container.
• Gravity causes the volume of the liquid to change depending on the size of the bottom of a container.

Which of these accurately describes the movement of molecules and atoms in a gas state?

• Molecules and atoms can move independently and are separated by empty space.
• Molecules and atoms can move independently and are bound together by gravity.
• Molecules and atoms are closely packed but can easily move around each other.
• Molecules and atoms are loosely packed but cannot easily move through empty space.

What would happen to the air in an empty container if you crumpled the container into a smaller shape?

• The gas changes shape to fit the container, but not its volume.
• The gas changes shape and volume to fit the container.
• The gas does not change shape or volume to fit the container.
• Atoms in water have stronger bonds than atoms in hydrogen peroxide.