the learner

a drive to do something for the pleasure it offers

• extrinsic motivation

• integrative motivation

• intrinsic motivation

negative emotions and attitudes can raise an imaginative barrier which prevents input from becoming acquired knowledge.

• critical period hypothesis

• the language ego

• memory strategies

• Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis, (1981) 

preferred ways of approaching learning tasks and processing information

• social strategies

• Learning styles

• aptitude

motivation that has to do with external rewards or avoidance of punishment.

• Intrinsic

• extrinsic

• integrative

operations one can employ to regulate their learning

• Affective filter hypothesis

• integrative motivation

• aptitude

• strategies