Protein Synthesis Review

Which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mRNA sequence:

5' AUGGUUAAACGACAAUCC 3'

• Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser

• Met, Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg

• Met, Val, Lys Arg, Gln Ser

• Ile, Gln, Lys Asp, Gly, Leu, Ser

Part of an important cellular process involved a DNA strand is modeled in the picture.. What is the purpose of this cellular process?

• Preserving genetic information for future generations.

• Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template.

• Transcribing information in the DNa sequence for use by the cell.

• Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence.

Which process and product are represented in Diagram 2?

Process: ​ (a)  

Product: ​ (b)  

• transcription
• mRNA
• protein
• translation
• replication
• tRNA

A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown.

3' TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT 5'

What is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand?

​ (a)   - ​ (b)   - ​ (c)   - ​ (d)   - ​ (e)  

• Arginine
• Leucine
• Proline
• Asparagine
• Lysine
• Tryptophan
• Glycine
• Phenylalanine
• Serine

A partial DNA segment is shown.

3' T C A T G C A T G 5'

What amino acid sequence is encoded in the partial DNA segment?

• Serine - Threonine - Tyrosine

• Serine - Serine - Tyrosine

• Serine - Threonine - Methionine

• Serine - Alanine - Methionine

Four different types of cells are shown. Which characteristic is shared by all four cells?

• A mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy

• Self-locomotion

• Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances

• Genetic material composed of DNA

In the early 1980's scientists were able to produce two biomolecules by splicing a human gene into the bacterium E. coli to make recombinant human insulin and growth hormone. Which statement best explains why this experiment was successful?

• Human cells are eukaryotic, and E. coli cells are prokaryotic.

• All living organisms share the same genome.

• The genes for all organisms are composed of the same building blocks.

• The human body contains many types of bacteria, including E. coli.

Researchers combined sequences of fruit-fly DNA from a gene for a particular trait with frog DNA. The mixture was heated to separate the DNA strands. Cooling allowed the single strands to form pairs. The researchers observed that some fruit-fly DNA paired with frog DNA.

The results provide evidence that -

• similar nucleotides are present in both fruit-fly and frog DNA.

• fruit flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits.

• heat can cause mutations in the DNA sequences of organisms.

Which of these components are found in the cells of all living things?

• estrogen and testosterone

• hemoglobinc and lymphocytes

• cytosine and guanine

• cellulose and chlorophyll

DNA molecules, which store the genetic code, are found in -

• animals but not plants

• eukaryotes but not prokaryotes

• viruses but not cells

• all organisms