Modern Evolutionary Classification

What theory gave birth to the field of phylogeny?

• Darwinian Theory

• Malthus’ Theory

• Lamark’s Theory

• Aristotle’s Theory

What did phylogeny, the study of the evolutionary history of lineages of organisms, lead to?

• Evolutionary Classification.

• The discovery of Genetic Recombination (Crossing over).

• Binomial Nomenclature.

• Fundamental differences in living things.

What was the goal of evolutionary classification?

• The goal of evolutionary classification was to group species into smaller categories that reflect lines of evolutionary descent.

• The goal of evolutionary classification was to divide populations into smaller categories based on overall similarities and differences.

• The goal of evolutionary classification was to group species into larger categories that reflect lines of evolutionary descent.

• The goal of evolutionary classification was to remove species from their original habitat to another, in order to see how they adapt based off their overall similarities and differences.

If evolutionary classification places organisms into higher taxa whose members are more closely related to one another than they are to members of any other group, the larger a taxon is ..

• The larger a taxon is, the more members share a common ancestor.

• The larger a taxon is, the farther back in time all of its members shared a common ancestor.

• The larger a taxon is, the more common ancestors all of the members share.

• The larger a taxon is, the more likely it is that the members share no common ancestors.

What is a clade?

• A clade is a group of species that share no common ancestors.

• A clade is a group of species that includes a variety of common ancestors and all descendants of that ancestor — living and extinct.

• A clade is a group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor — only extinct.

• A clade is a group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor — living and extinct.

What does a cladistic analysis compare?

• A cladistic analysis compares carefully selected traits to determine the order in which organisms branched off from their common ancestors.

• A cladistic analysis compares carefully selected traits to determine the order in which organisms common ancestors went extinct.

• A cladistic analysis compares carefully selected traits to determine the amount of members a lineage has.

• None of the above.

What is a cladogram?

• A cladogram links groups of organisms by showing current hypotheses about how evolutionary lines, or lineages, branched off from common ancestors.

• A cladogram links groups of organisms by showing current hypotheses about how evolutionary traits, or characteristics, branched off from common ancestors.

• A cladogram links groups of organisms by showing current hypotheses about how evolutionary lines, lineages, traits and characteristics branched off from common ancestors.

• A cladogram links groups of organisms by showing current hypotheses about how a single species branched off from common ancestors.

Which of these statements are true about cladograms? Select all that apply.

• Each branch point represents the last point at which species in lineages above that point shared a common ancestor.

• Group 2, 3, 4 is more closely related than Group 1 is.

• The branching pattern shows how closely related various lineages are.

What is a derived character?

• A derived character is a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a lineage and was passed to its descendants.

• A derived character is a species that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a lineage.

• A derived character is a species that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a lineage, and passed to its descendants.

In mammals, are four limbs a derived character?

• Yes, derived limbs are derived characters.

• No, derived limbs are not derived characters.