A & P I Lab Exam Review: Muscles

Major responsibility for producing specific movement

• prime mover

• antagonist

• synergist

• fixator

Opposes or reverses particular movement

• prime mover

• antagonist

• synergist

• fixator

helps prime movers

Adds extra force to same movement

Reduces undesirable or unnecessary movement

• prime mover

• antagonist

• synergist

• fixator

Synergist that immobilizes bone or muscle’s origin

Gives prime mover stable base on which to act

• prime mover

• antagonist

• synergist

• fixator

Muscles can be categorized into 3 functional groups:

• prime mover

• antagonist

• synergist

• fixator

Muscles can be named based upon several properties:

• muscle location

• muscle shape

• muscle size

• direction of muscle fibers or fascicles

• number of orgins

Types of fascicle arrangements:

• circular

• convergent

• parallel

• fusiform

• perpendicular

fascicles arranged in concentric rings

• circular

• convergent

• parallel

• fusiform

broad origin; fascicles converge toward single tendon insertion

• circular

• convergent

• parallel

• fusiform

fascicles parallel to long axis of straplike muscle

• circular

• convergent

• parallel

• fusiform