Arduino Pulse Width Modulation

What is Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and how does it work?

• PWM is a technique to generate analog signals by adjusting the duty cycle of a square wave signal.

• PWM is a method to transmit data wirelessly.

• PWM is a type of digital-to-analog converter using sine waves.

• PWM is a technique to convert analog signals to digital signals.

Explain two common applications of PWM in electronics.

• Volume control of speakers and color adjustment of LEDs

• Pressure control of hydraulic systems and saturation of LEDs

• Temperature control of AC motors and brightening of LEDs

• Speed control of DC motors and dimming of LEDs

How can PWM be programmed on an Arduino board?

• Set the pin mode to OUTPUT and write HIGH or LOW values

• Use the digitalRead() function with the pin number

• Connect the pin directly to a power source without programming

• Use the analogWrite() function in the Arduino IDE with the pin number and duty cycle value

What is the significance of PWM frequency in controlling devices?

• PWM frequency impacts the device's weight

• PWM frequency determines the device's material

• PWM frequency determines the color of the device

• PWM frequency determines the speed at which power switches on and off, impacting the average power delivered to the device.

Define duty cycle in the context of PWM.

• The duty cycle in PWM is the frequency of the signal

• Duty cycle refers to the amplitude of the PWM signal

• PWM duty cycle is the same as the signal period

• The duty cycle in PWM is the ratio of time signal is high (on) to the total period of the signal.

How does PWM help in controlling the speed of DC motors?

• By increasing the number of motor poles

• By changing the voltage supplied to the motor

• By adjusting the physical size of the motor

• By varying the duty cycle of the signal sent to the motor

Discuss the role of PWM in LED dimming.

• LED dimming can be achieved without PWM by adjusting the voltage directly.

• PWM stands for Power Wave Modulation and has no relation to LED dimming.

• PWM is not necessary for LED dimming as it causes flickering issues.

• PWM is essential for LED dimming as it allows precise control over the brightness levels by adjusting the duty cycle of the signal.

Explain the concept of analogWrite() function in Arduino for PWM.

• The analogWrite() function in Arduino is used to generate a PWM signal on a specified pin by varying the duty cycle.

• The analogWrite() function is used for digital input/output operations in Arduino.

• AnalogWrite() function is used to read analog sensor values in Arduino.

• AnalogWrite() function generates a square wave signal in Arduino.

What factors should be considered when choosing the PWM frequency for a specific application?

• Color of the circuit board

• Resolution, switching losses, filter requirements, control loop frequency response

• Number of components used

• Temperature of the room

How can PWM be used to control the brightness of an LED?

• By changing the LED's physical structure

• By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the LED brightness can be controlled.

• By altering the LED's operating voltage

• By modifying the LED's color