Earth Space Science Review 1

The diagram below shows the relative positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun. The moon is shown at four possible positions around Earth.

Which position of the moon could result in a solar eclipse?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun in the diagram.

Which statement is true about the Northern Hemisphere compared to the Southern Hemisphere?

• The Northern Hemisphere is experiencing winter and receives less direct solar energy.

• The Northern Hemisphere is experiencing winter and receives more direct solar energy.

• The Northern Hemisphere is experiencing summer and receives less direct solar energy.

• The Northern Hemisphere is experiencing summer and receives less direct solar energy.

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A student learns that the sun is classified as a medium-sized star and that many stars are much bigger and brighter. However, the student observed that other stars looked dim, even through a telescope.

Why do other stars look much dimmer than the sun?

• The sun is much closer to Earth than other stars are.

• Other stars are made up of different gases than the sun is.

• The sun appears yellow, which is more visible than other colors.

• As light from other stars travels through space, it gets reflected.

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Kimberly did some research and discovered that dark areas are moving across the sun’s photosphere. These areas are cooler than surrounding areas and have a strong magnetic field. She also read that some dark areas are moving faster than others.

Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

• Prominences are causing motion

• The sun is rotating faster at the poles

• Sunspots are rotating as as the sun rotates

• Solar flares are exploding, causing motion

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The gas giant planets Neptune, Saturn, Uranus, and Jupiter have more moons than Earth.

What property would account for this difference?

• Gas giants are less dense than Earth, so they contain less material that could form natural satellites.

• Gas giants rotate more rapidly than Earth, so they eject more material that could form natural satellites.

• Gas giants are farther from the sun than Earth, so there are fewer objects in that part of space to attract into orbits.

• Gas giants are more massive than Earth and thus have greater gravitational forces, so they could attract more objects.

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Saturn is 9.5 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun, while Mars is 1.5 AU from the Sun. Saturn is also larger than Mars.

Based on this information, compare Mars's average surface temperature to Saturn's average surface temperature.

• Since Mars is closer to the Sun than Saturn, it has a higher average surface temperature.

• Saturn is larger than Mars and absorbs more light, so it has a higher average surface temperature.

• Since both planets are more than 1 AU from the Sun, their average surface temperatures are equal.

• Even though Saturn is farther away, Saturn's rings cause it to have a higher average surface temperature.

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Which of the following Stars would look brighter from Earth?

Antares A

Absolute Brightness: 10,700
Distance from Earth: 600 LYs

Bellatrix

Absolute Brightness: 6,430

Distance from Earth: 200 LY

• Antares A
• Bellatrix

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What classification on the H-R Diagram does the Sun belong to?

• Red Super Giants

• White Dwarfs

• Main Sequence

• Neutron Stars

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ExplSCain how the position of the Moon determines the tides on the Earth.

• The position of the Moon has no effect on tides
• The position of the Moon causes gravitational forces that cause bulges in the ocean waters.

• Tides are caused by the rotation of the Earth
• Tides are solely influenced by the position of the Sun

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Which tides are caused due to the combined gravitation pulls of the Moon and the Sun?
(Choose all answers that apply!)

• Spring tides
• Low tides
• High tides
• Neap tides

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