Muscles and Muscle Tissues for College Anatomy

What are the three types of muscles?

• pump muscles

• bone muscles

• flexor muscles

• skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles

Describe the functions of skeletal muscles.

• Skeletal muscles function in digestion

• Skeletal muscles function in hearing

• The functions of skeletal muscles include voluntary movements, support and stability, posture maintenance, heat generation, and assistance in breathing.

• Skeletal muscles function in vision

Explain the process of muscle contraction.

• Muscle contraction occurs due to the release of sodium ions.

• The process of muscle contraction does not involve ATP.

• The process of muscle contraction involves the release of calcium ions, binding of myosin to actin, formation of cross-bridges, and ATP providing energy for myosin detachment and recocking.

• Muscle contraction is solely controlled by the nervous system.

What is the structure of muscle tissue?

• Muscle tissue is composed of bone cells

• Muscle tissue is made up of nerve fibers

• Muscle tissue consists of fat cells

• Muscle tissue is composed of muscle fibers organized into fascicles, which are grouped together to form the whole muscle. Each muscle fiber contains myofibrils made up of sarcomeres, the basic contractile units consisting of actin and myosin filaments.

Compare and contrast skeletal and smooth muscles.

• Skeletal muscles are involuntary and non-striated.

• Smooth muscles are voluntary and attached to bones.

• Skeletal muscles are found in internal organs.

• Skeletal muscles are voluntary, attached to bones, and striated, while smooth muscles are involuntary, found in internal organs, and non-striated.

How does muscle metabolism contribute to muscle function?

• Muscle metabolism contributes to muscle function by providing the energy (in the form of ATP) required for muscle contraction and relaxation.

• Muscle metabolism contributes to muscle function by regulating body temperature.

• Muscle metabolism contributes to muscle function by controlling blood pressure.

• Muscle metabolism contributes to muscle function by aiding in digestion.

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?

• Striated, involuntary, branched, intercalated discs, single nucleus per cell

• Smooth, involuntary, branched, multiple nuclei per cell

• Non-striated, voluntary, single nucleus per cell, intercalated discs

• Smooth, voluntary, striated, multiple nuclei per cell

Discuss the role of ATP in muscle contraction.

• ATP is only involved in muscle relaxation, not contraction

• ATP is produced by muscle contraction, not used as an energy source

• ATP inhibits muscle contraction by blocking calcium release

• ATP provides energy for muscle contraction by enabling myosin-actin interactions.

What is the sliding filament theory?

• The sliding filament theory is based on the interaction of neurotransmitters in the brain

• The sliding filament theory involves the movement of bones in the body

• The sliding filament theory explains muscle contraction by actin and myosin filaments sliding past each other.

• The sliding filament theory explains the process of photosynthesis in plants

Explain the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction.

• Calcium ions bind to troponin, allowing myosin heads to bind to actin and initiate muscle contraction.

• Calcium ions inhibit the binding of myosin heads to actin

• Calcium ions prevent muscle contraction by blocking troponin

• Calcium ions have no effect on muscle contraction