SS.912.A.2.4-2.6

Which amendment guaranteed the “equal protection:” of the laws to all American citizens,
including formerly enslaved individuals?

• 1st Amendment

• 13th Amendment

• 14th Amendment

• 15th Amendment

The passage below is an excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment:

"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

 

This amendment was proposed by Congress in response to which of the following?

• the rise of violence against emancipated slaves

• the passage of Black Codes throughout the South

• the emergence of white resistance to the civil rights movement

• C. the attempts of Democrats to limit the voting rights of African Americans

1.       The statement below was by Thaddeus Stevens, a Radical Republican leader.

"If [African-American] suffrage is excluded in the rebel states, then every one of them is sure to send a [Democratic] representation to Congress and pass a solid [Democratic] electoral vote [for President]."

 

What reason did Stevens give in this statement for granting voting rights to African Americans?

• African Americans deserved to vote after contributing their unpaid labor for centuries.

• Democrats and Republicans were in agreement on the fairness of letting all races vote.

• Republicans must offer voting rights to freedmen before Southern Democrats do.

• Black voters would help Republicans to maintain control of the Congress and Presidency.

What was the main effect of the system of debt peonage that emerged in the South during the late 19th century?

• African Americans were unable to afford to work agricultural jobs.

• African Americans left the South in large numbers to escape their debts.

• African Americans labored in a system that was nearly the same as slavery.

• African Americans had to work for low wages to pay off their emancipation costs.

The excerpt below was printed in a magazine in the South in 1866:

"We should be satisfied to compel them to engage in coarse, common manual labor, and to punish them for dereliction of duty or non fulfillment of their contracts with such severity,
as to make them useful, productive laborers."

 

Which of the following would the author of this excerpt most likely have supported?

• the formation of the Freedmen's Bureau

• the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment

• the passage of Black Codes and Jim Crow laws

• the relocation of emancipated slaves to colonies inAfrica

What was an important effect of the sharecropping system and debt peonage?

• Freedmen achieved social and political equality in the South.

• Freedmen played an important role in local and state government.

• Freedmen achieved economic independence from their former masters.

• Freedmen often remained in a state of economic dependence on their former masters.

The cartoon on the left by Thomas Nast was published in 1874.

 What was the main message of this cartoon? 

• Opponents of Reconstruction were using violence to intimidate the freedmen.

• Different groups of Southerners were cooperating to rebuild the South after the war.

• The Ku Klux Klan and other private associations in the South were assisting the freedmen.

• The 14^th Amendment protected the rights of freedmen despite the activities of the Ku Klux Klan.