Psychology exam 2

Tversky proposed that you could quantify the similarity between two items by counting up
the shared and unique features of each and submitting that information to a mathematical
formula. With this logic, he showed that when comparing a carrot to carrot, similarity ratings
are high because people can easily identify lots of features of carrots. He also showed that
when comparing am artichoke to an artichoke, similarity ratings are low because people
cannot think of very many features. In this way, Tversky was able to explain violations of
which of the following metric axioms:

• Minmilairty

• Symmetry

• Trangle ineuqality

While performing a mental rotation task, what is likely to cause the greatest amount of
interference

• Time increases with more mental rotation degrees, (greater interface if a person has to rotate the object more degrees

• Time decreases with more mental rotation degreies (less interfernace if ap eorsn has to rotate the obejct more degrees

• Time increases with less mental rotations (Greater ineterance is a person has to royate the object less degrees

Flashbulb memories are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

• Crystal clear accuracy

• Crystal clear vivdness

• A High level of confidnce in recall

• Emotion and or suprise

Suppose that you conducted an experiment in which people studied material while
intoxicated or sober, then recalled the material while intoxicated or sober. Which
conditions would result in the poorest recall?

• Studying sober, then testing intoxicated would be poorer

• Studying intoxicated then being sober would be poorer

The Reverse Distance Effect refers to the fact that people are faster to say that “a frog is
an animal” than “a frog is an amphibian.” Which network model can explain this finding:

• Spreading acitviation Theory

• Heihrarchy theory

Which of the following is the LEAST effective method of learning or storing new material in
long-term memory?

• orgnizaiton

• Imagery

• Elaboriative rehersal

• Maintenance reheaslal

Faizan signs up for a psychology experiment and when he arrives at the lab, he listens to a
story about farming practices and answers some questions about the story. Later he is
asked to do a word fragment completion task and when provided with C R S, he
responds “CROPS” instead of “CRASS” or “CRABS.” Faizan is doing a _____________,
which measures _____________

• Recoginitnion, recall

• recall, recoginzition

Bartlett (1932) conducted a study in which participants read a long Native American myth
called “War of the Ghosts.” After reading the passage, participants were asked to recall as
much as they could about the story. When Bartlett added a delay between reading the story
and recalling the events of the story, participants were far less accurate in their retelling and
tended to neglect some information and distort other information. This study demonstrated
that memory is _____________; that is we provide structure to such stories that fit our
experiences and biases.

• Constructive

• Schema

• Scene Sechema

Bijuan and Xander are arguing about whether a hotdog is a sandwich. Xander argues that
there is a concrete list of features all sandwiches have, and lacking any one of those
features means an item isn’t a sandwich. Bijuan argues that there are multiple types of
food that considered sandwiches, like a sub, and that a hotdog isn’t so different from these.
What theories of categorization are each of them likely using?

• Xander is using classical view, Bijuan is using probabilistic view

• Bijuan is using classical view whil Xander is using probablistic view

Loftus and Palmer (1973) asked participants to estimate how quickly a car was driving
when it had an accident. Participants tended to estimate _____________ speeds when
they heard the word “smashed” compared to “hit” due to _____________.

• Higher, Schemas/suggesitbily

• Lower, Sechemas/suggesibilyiu