Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor in an ecosystems ?

• Temperature

• Sunlight

• Predation

• Water

The greenhouse effect is caused by:

• A hole in the ozone layer

• Certain gases trapping heat from the sun

• The rotation of the Earth

• Volcanic eruptions

Citizen science in ecology can be used to:

• Develop new medications

• Track the spread of invasive species

• Test new technologies

• Conduct brain surgery

Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?

• Coal

• Natural gas

• Wind power

• Oil

A major threat to ecosystems caused by human activities is:

• Increased volcanic activity

• The movement of tectonic plates

• Natural disasters

• Habitat destruction

In a food chain, which organism is the primary producer?

• Producer

• Decomposer

• Carnivore

• Herbivore

What is the term for the transfer of energy through an ecosystem?

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular respiration

• Nutrient cycle

• Food chain

Biodiversity refers to:

• The number of individuals in a population

• The variety of life on Earth

• Te climate of a specific region

• The physical features of an environment

What is the main process by which decomposers break down dead organic matter?

• Photosynthesis

• Symbiosis

• Predation

• Decomposition

Which of the following is a benefit of healthy biodiversity?

• More stable ecosystems

• Faster spread of disease

• Increased risk of invasive species

• Reduced competition for resources