The Enlightenment

What was the Enlightenment?

• A 17th century artistic movement

• An 18th century philosophical movement

• A 19th century industrial movement

• A 20th century technological revolution

What did Enlightenment intellectuals hope to achieve by using the scientific method?

• To improve artistic expression

• To create a better society

• To build advanced machinery

• To enhance religious beliefs

Which of the following ideas greatly affected 18th century intellectuals according to the text?

• John Locke's theory of knowledge

• Isaac Newton's theory of relativity

• Thomas Hobbes' theory of monarchy

• Voltaire's theory of economics

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about human nature and government?

• People are inherently good and need minimal control

• People are inherently bad and need to be controlled

• People are inherently neutral and government should not exist

• People are inherently capable and should govern themselves

What was John Locke's view on the human mind and society?

• The human mind is pre-programmed and society is static

• The human mind is a blank slate and society can be changed

• The human mind is complex and society is unchangeable

• The human mind is simple and society is naturally perfect

What was Montesquieu's significant contribution to political thought?

• The idea of a single powerful ruler

• The concept of checks and balances in government

• The notion of religious control over the state

• The principle of economic freedom

What is Voltaire best known for?

• His mathematical theories

• His architectural designs

• His criticism of Christianity and advocacy for religious tolerance

• His invention of the printing press

What was Denis Diderot's most important contribution to the Enlightenment?

• The invention of the telescope

• The discovery of electricity

• The Encyclopedia

• The novel "Candide"

What is the best expression of Adam Smith's approach to economics, according to the text?

• The Wealth of Nations

• The Poverty of Nations

• The Growth of Nations

• The Decline of Nations

According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the three legitimate functions of government as expressed by Adam Smith?

• Protecting society from invasion (army)

• Maintaining public works, like roads that private individuals could not afford

• Regulating natural economic processes

• Defending citizens from injustice (police)