Biology EOC review

Which statement best describes the diagrams shown?

• Diagram A represents meiosis resulting in identical daughter cells. Diagram B represents mitosis resulting in identical daughter cells.

• Diagram A represents meiosis resulting in genetically unique daughter cells. Diagram B represents mitosis resulting in genetically identical daughter cells.

• Diagram A represents mitosis resulting in genetically identical daughter cells. Diagram B represents meiosis resulting in genetically unique daughter cells.

• Diagram A represents mitosis and increased genetic diversity in daughter cells. Diagram B represents meiosis and decreased genetic diversity in daughter cells.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which inference is supported by the clear area between the mold and the bacteria?

• Mold and bacteria need each other to grow.

• Mold releases a substance that prevents bacteria growth.

• Mold growth is aided by nutrients from bacteria in the air.

• Mold is unable to grow in the presence of air and bacteria.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-6

When nurse sharks find that brightly colored red crabs move more slowly and are easier to catch than other crabs, they will change their behaviors to catch these brightly colored crabs more often. What behavioral change would you expect to see in the brightly colored red crabs over time?

• The brightly colored red crabs will leave the area to look for a habitat that does not have any predators that like to eat them.

• The brightly colored red crabs will learn to avoid the predators and will not be eaten anymore after subsequent generations.

• Faster bright red crabs will survive longer, will reproduce more, and will have more offspring. Over time, the bright red crabs will become faster.

• There will be no change in the behavior of the brightly colored red crabs. They will just learn to exist with the predators the way they are.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

While walking through a rainforest, a zoologist spots a colorful organism growing on a dead tree stump. Further examination reveals this organism is a multicellular organism, possesses a nucleus, and has cell walls but no chloroplasts. The zoologist would most likely place this organism into which kingdom?

• Fungi

• Decomposers

• Prokaryotes

• Plantae

The diagram below shows different models of DNA replication. Regardless of the replication model, why must the DNA strand first unzip?

• to allow the DNA to form a double helix

• to shorten and thicken the chromosomes for mitosis

• to separate the chromosomes from their homologous pair

• to expose the sequence of bases to their matching complementary bases

Look at the picture below. Scientists have noticed that the limbs of vertebrates are all built upon the same basic structure. What conclusion have scientists made based on these observations?

• All vertebrates fossilize similarly.

• All vertebrates move in the same way.

• All vertebrates have evolved to live out of the water.

• All vertebrates come from the same common ancestor.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

The diagram below shows the changes in skull structure between early hominids and modern humans. Which characteristic develops in the skulls over time?

• prominent brow ridge

• smaller jaw bone

• smaller volume

• larger teeth

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

In the 1950s, Stanley Miller performed experiments to study the origins of life. He created an atmosphere rich in methane, hydrogen, ammonia, water, and simulated lightning. Which substances were most likely produced during Miller's experiments?

• RNA strands

• amino acids

• bacteria

• protists

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures. Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

• Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than to javelinas

• Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer than to hippopotamuses

• Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales.

• Cows and mouse deer are more closely related than javelinas and pigs.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Why would a scientist use a transmission electron microscope (TEM) instead of a compound microscope to view a tissue sample?

• The TEM will produce an image with a higher resolution.

• The TEM allows viewing of individual atoms.

• The TEM image will be three-dimensional.

• The TEM is used for live samples.