Quiz about Biology Review: Homeostasis, Energy, & Proteins

Question 1

Select why temperature regulation in the body is an example of a feedback mechanism (negative or positive - select the correct response).

Accepted Answer

When temperature varies from its normal set-point, the hypothalamus reverses the imbalance by initiating a response through a negative feedback mechanism.

Answer

When temperature varies from its normal set-point, the hypothalamus amplifies the imbalance by initiating a response through a positive feedback mechanism.

Answer

When temperature varies from its normal set-point, the hypothalamus amplifies the imbalance by initiating a response through a positive feedback mechanism.

Answer

When temperature varies from its normal set-point, the hypothalamus furthers the imbalance by initiating a response through a negative feedback mechanism.

Question 2

Using information from Figure 2, select the correct statement about how Jane's and Theo's bodies reacted when they stood in the cold room.

Accepted Answer

D. The initial stimulus Jane and Theo experienced in the first five minutes in the cold room was a decrease in body temperature. This was the result of the body moving towards homeostasis. Their bodies responded by raising their body temperature.

Answer

A. The initial stimulus Jane and Theo experienced in the first five minutes in the cold room was an increase in body temperature. This was the result of the body moving towards homeostasis. Their bodies responded by lowering their body temperature.

Answer

B. The initial stimulus Jane and Theo experienced in the first five minutes in the cold room was an increase in body temperature. This was the result of the body moving away from homeostasis. Their bodies responded by lowering their body temperature.

Answer

C. The initial stimulus Jane and Theo experienced in the first five minutes in the cold room was a decrease in body temperature. This was the result of the body moving away from homeostasis. Their bodies responded by lowering their body temperature.

Question 3

What is the role of a receptor in helping an organism maintain homeostasis? Choose the correct answer.

Accepted Answer

C. It detects stimuli and sends information to the control center.

Answer

A. It receives the messages sent by the control center.

Answer

B. It carries out a response to restore internal conditions.

Answer

D. It compares current conditions with ideal values for those conditions.

Question 4

Which of these does homeostasis most directly relate to? Choose the correct answer.

Accepted Answer

A. Stability

Answer

B. Evolution

Answer

C. Scale and structure

Answer

D. Interacting systems

Question 5

The body works to maintain homeostasis in response to what conditions? Choose the correct answer.

Accepted Answer

C. Internal and external changes

Answer

A. Tissue and cell formation

Answer

B. Production of key vitamins

Answer

D. Cell differentiation and determination

Question 6

Which of these is a long-term effect of a disruption of homeostasis? Choose the correct answer.

Accepted Answer

Destruction of organ systems

Answer

The immune systems taking control regulation of the internal environment

Answer

Establishment of feedback mechanisms

Answer

Regulation of the internal environment

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

Accepted Answer

Childbirth

Answer

Blood sugar regulation

Answer

Body temperature regulation

Answer

Osmoregulation

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature regulation

Answer

Breastfeeding

Answer

Blood clotting

Answer

Childbirth

Question 9

Select the correct order of the levels of organization in the human body (smallest to largest).

Accepted Answer

Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ system -> Organism

Answer

Tissue -> Cell -> Organ system -> Organ -> Organism

Answer

Organ system -> Organism -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ

Answer

Organism -> Organ system -> Organ -> Tissue -> Cell

Question 10

A grouping of two or more types of tissue that performs a specific function that contributes to the larger purpose:

Accepted Answer

Organ

Answer

Organ system

Answer

Organelles

Answer

Organism

Question 11

What is a cell?

Accepted Answer

The building blocks of all living things

Answer

The smallest particle of all matter (living and nonliving)

Answer

A group of organisms of the same species

Answer

Genetic material

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct type of feedback mechanism that the graph best represents?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Answer

Positive feedback

Answer

Neutral feedback

Answer

Critical feedback

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct type of feedback mechanism that the graph best represents?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback

Answer

Negative feedback

Answer

Neutral feedback

Answer

Critical feedback

Question 14

Which hormone is released by the beta cells of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

B. Insulin

Answer

A. Glucagon

Answer

C. Cortisol

Answer

D. Adrenaline

Question 15

The pancreas detects the amount of glucose in the blood. What does the pancreas release if blood sugar is too LOW?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas releases glucagon if blood sugar is too low.

Answer

The pancreas releases insulin if blood sugar is too low.

Answer

The pancreas releases beta cells if blood sugar is too low.

Answer

The pancreas releases glucose if the blood sugar is too low.

Question 16

The pancreas detects the amount of glucose in the blood. What does the pancreas release if blood sugar is too HIGH?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas releases insulin if blood sugar is too high.

Answer

The pancreas releases glucagon if blood sugar is too high.

Answer

The pancreas releases beta cells if blood sugar is too high.

Answer

The pancreas releases glucose if the blood sugar is too high.

Question 17

What is homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

D. The optimal balance within your body

Answer

A. A state of powerful focus

Answer

B. Full body system failure

Answer

C. A disease that is from bacteria

Question 18

The two types of feedback systems that help organisms maintain homeostasis are:

Accepted Answer

Positive and negative

Accepted Answer

Receptor and effector

Answer

Static and dynamic

Answer

Minor and major

Question 19

Based on the model, which is the BEST description for the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis is the transfer of matter and flow of energy between the plant and its environment.

Answer

Photosynthesis requires an input of matter but not an input of energy.

Answer

Photosynthesis requires an input of energy but not an input of matter.

Answer

Photosynthesis is the transfer of matter and flow of energy between the plant and the Sun.

Question 20

Which chart BEST identifies the inputs and outputs of the system shown in the photosynthesis model?

Accepted Answer

Inputs: Sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, Outputs: Glucose and oxygen

Answer

Inputs: Carbon dioxide and glucose, Outputs: Water and oxygen

Answer

Inputs: Sunlight, water, and glucose, Outputs: Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer

Inputs: Carbon dioxide and oxygen, Outputs: Glucose and water

Question 21

Based on the model, which is the BEST description for the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The process of breaking down sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy.

Answer

The process of breaking down oxygen to release energy.

Answer

The process of building energy from oxygen and sugar.

Answer

The process of building water and carbon dioxide from sugar.

Question 22

Which chart BEST identifies the inputs and outputs of the system shown in the photosynthesis model?

Accepted Answer

Inputs: Carbon dioxide, Water, and Energy; Outputs: Glucose and Oxygen

Answer

Inputs: Glucose and Oxygen; Outputs: Carbon dioxide, Water, and Energy

Answer

Inputs: Carbon dioxide and Glucose; Outputs: Water, Oxygen, Energy

Answer

Inputs: Carbon dioxide and Energy; Outputs: Oxygen, Water, and Glucose

Question 23

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 24

In which organelle does most of cellular respiration occur?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 25

Which bond is broken in an ATP molecule when it releases energy, forming ADP?

Accepted Answer

Bond A

Answer

Bond B

Answer

Bond C

Answer

Bond D

Question 26

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected?

Accepted Answer

The products of photosynthesis become the reactants of cellular respiration.

Answer

The reactants of photosynthesis become the products of cellular respiration.

Answer

The reactants of photosynthesis become the reactants of cellular respiration.

Answer

The products of photosynthesis become the products of cellular respiration.

Question 27

What type of reaction is shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

C. Exothermic because there is a net release of energy in the form of heat.

Answer

A. Endothermic because there is a net release of energy in the form of heat.

Answer

B. Endothermic because there is a net absorption of energy in the form of heat.

Answer

D. Exothermic because there is a net absorption of energy in the form of heat.

Question 28

What type of reaction is shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Endothermic because there is a net absorption of energy in the form of heat.

Answer

Endothermic because there is a net release of energy in the form of heat.

Answer

Exothermic because there is a net release of energy in the form of heat.

Answer

Exothermic because there is a net absorption of energy in the form of heat.

Question 29

Select the correct chemical reactions that describe the process of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

Anabolic and Endothermic

Answer

Catabolic and Exothermic

Answer

Catabolic and Endothermic

Answer

Anabolic and Exothermic

Question 30

Select the correct reactions that describe the process of cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

A. Catabolic and Exothermic

Answer

B. Catabolic and Endothermic

Answer

C. Anabolic and Endothermic

Answer

D. Anabolic and Exothermic

Question 31

Which of the following BEST describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus but lack membrane bound organelles.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles but do not have a nucleus.

Question 32

Which organelles do plant cells contain that animal cells do not?

Accepted Answer

A. Chloroplasts and cell walls

Answer

B. Nucleus and mitochondria

Answer

C. Nucleus and chloroplasts

Answer

D. Mitochondria and cell walls

Question 33

Based on the passage, which BEST describes why protein functions are diverse?

Accepted Answer

A. All proteins contain unique three-dimensional structures.

Answer

B. Protein formation is an unregulated process.

Answer

C. Some proteins are not formed from amino acids.

Answer

D. Proteins are formed through different types of bonds.

Question 34

Which statement BEST describes the process of protein synthesis as described in the passage?

Accepted Answer

A. Amino acids are attached to each other by peptide bonds. Many amino acids together form a polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids determines the way a protein will fold. Protein shape determines its function.

Answer

B. Amino acids are attached to each other by peptide bonds. Many amino acids together form a polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids determines the way a protein will fold. Protein function determines its shape.

Answer

C. Amino acids are attached to each other by hydrogen bonds. Many amino acids together form a polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids determines the way a protein will fold. Protein shape determines its function.

Answer

D. Amino acids are attached to each other by hydrogen bonds. Many amino acids together form a polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids determines the way a protein will fold. Protein function determines its shape.

Question 35

Which statement BEST describes proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA is the original source of protein structure.

Answer

Polypeptides chains are formed in the nucleus.

Answer

The function of a protein is determined by the RNA.

Answer

Each nucleotide base is encoded into a single amino acid.

Question 36

What makes DNA and RNA similar?

Accepted Answer

They are both made up of nucleotides.

Answer

They are both double stranded.

Answer

They both contain deoxyribose sugar.

Answer

They both contain the nitrogenous base Thymine.

Question 37

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base

Answer

Oxygen group, 6-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base

Answer

Phosphate group, 6-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base

Answer

Oxygen group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 38

In DNA, the nitrogen base Cytosine is complementary (always pairs up) to

Accepted Answer

B. Guanine

Answer

A. Adenine

Answer

C. Thymine

Answer

D. Uracil

Question 39

Francis Crick proposed about the flow of genetic information that it follows a specific pathway. What is this pathway called?

Accepted Answer

Central Dogma

Answer

Genetic Drift

Answer

Natural Selection

Answer

Gene Flow

Question 40

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

To serve as a template for protein synthesis

Answer

To carry amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds

Answer

To modify proteins after synthesis

Question 41

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

To carry amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

To transcribe DNA into mRNA

Answer

To form the structure of ribosomes

Answer

To replicate DNA

Question 42

How does the structure of a protein influence its function?

Accepted Answer

The structure dictates the protein's function.

Answer

The structure determines the protein's solubility.

Answer

The structure affects the protein's color.

Answer

The structure has no impact on the protein's function.

Question 43

A student wants to explain the role of mRNA in the body. Which explanation should she share to best describe the function of mRNA in the transcription process? Choose the correct answer.

Accepted Answer

The mRNA carries the copy of DNA to ribosomes.

Answer

The mRNA makes DNA in the body (nucleus).

Answer

The mRNA forms new proteins from old DNA.

Answer

The mRNA replaces old DNA in the body (nucleus).

Question 44

What role does a gene play in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It carries the code for protein development.

Answer

It produces an exact copy of the protein.

Answer

It delivers a copy of the DNA to form a protein.

Answer

It binds to the mRNA and carries it through translation.

Question 45

Select the correct steps/sequence of the Central Dogma process.

Accepted Answer

DNA is unzipped -> DNA is transcribed -> mRNA carries a copy of DNA -> translation of mRNA -> a protein is formed

Answer

mRNA carries a copy of DNA -> translation of mRNA -> DNA is unzipped -> DNA is transcribed -> a protein is formed

Answer

DNA is unzipped -> DNA is transcribed -> translation of mRNA -> mRNA carries a copy of DNA -> a protein is formed

Answer

DNA is transcribed -> DNA is unzipped -> mRNA carries a copy of DNA -> translation of mRNA -> a protein is formed

Question 46

Which best describes the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

The process of reading and translating mRNA one codon at a time to construct a protein.

Answer

The process of reading and translating mRNA one nucleotide at a time to construct a protein.

Answer

The process of reading and translating DNA one nucleotide at a time to construct a protein.

Answer

The process of reading and translating DNA one codon at a time to construct a protein.

Question 47

What role does tRNA play in translation?

Accepted Answer

It contains an anticodon and delivers amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain.

Answer

It reads and translates the mRNA.

Answer

It contains a copy of DNA.

Answer

It contains a codon and delivers amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain.

Biology Review: Homeostasis, Energy, & Proteins

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