Solar System Test Review

The picture below shows the Curiosity rover that landed on Mars in 2012. Unmanned probes like Curiosity were created for space exploration because they have many advantages over manned missions.

Which is NOT an advantage of unmanned missions?

• Unmanned missions do not require life support systems.

• Unmanned missions do not risk human lives.

• Unmanned missions are able to change and adapt to unexpected situations.

• Unmanned missions may continue longer than a human life span.

The picture shows Galileo, who has often been called the father of modern observational astronomy.
What contribution did Galileo make to the field of astronomy to earn him this title?

• He invented the telescope and was the first to suggest that the Sun was the center of the solar system.

• He was the first to discover gravity.

• He invented the study of stars.

• He was the first to suggest that the Earth was the center of our solar system

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The first American to orbit around Earth, who orbited Earth for a total of 4 hours and 55 minutes, was —

• Michael Collins in the Voyager spaceraft.

• Alan Shepherd in the Mercury spacecraft.

• Neil Armstrong in the Gemini spacecraft.

• Gene Roddenberry in the Discovery spacecraft.

The diagram models Mars, Earth, Venus, and Mercury orbiting the Sun.

What is the main force that causes Mars to travel along a curved orbit around the Sun instead of moving in a straight line out of the Solar System?

• The magnetic force between Mars, the Sun, and Mercury

• The magnetic force between Mars and Earth

• The force of gravity between Mars and the Sun

• The force of gravity between Mars, Venus, and Earth

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The picture shows one of Jupiter’s moons, Io, taken by the space probe Cassini.

Similar to the reason that planets in Earth's solar system orbit the Sun, Io maintains a constant orbit around Jupiter because —

• the gravitational pull from Jupiter is much greater than any other forces acting on Io.

• the magnetic forces between Jupiter and Io repel these two masses at a perfect distance, causing Io to travel on a curved path.

• Jupiter is the closest planet to the Sun; therefore, the force of gravity from the Sun pushes Io around Jupiter.

• high pressures and gases on Jupiter pull Io toward Jupiter.

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The Moon goes through many phases each month. These phase-changes provide evidence that the Moon revolves around Earth, similar to how the planets orbit the Sun. This constant motion is mainly controlled by —

• the Sun's gravitational force, pushing the Moon toward Earth.

• the magnetic minerals in Earth's core, pulling the Moon toward Earth.

• convectional currents that emit radiation into space.

• Earth's gravitational pull on the Moon.

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Yuri Gagarin was the first human to orbit Earth. Which force held his capsule in orbit?

• electricity

• friction

• gravity

• magnetism

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Ethan made the model below to show Earth's solar system.

What mistake did Ethan make in his model?

• He switched the position of the inner and outer planets.

• He should have made Earth bigger than the planets next to it.

• He switched the positions of Saturn and Jupiter.

• He put the wrong number of planets in the diagram.

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Earth is --

• the closest planet to the Sun and is filled with gas.

• an outer planet that can have life.

• an inner planet that can have life.

• the closest planet to Saturn and has rings around it

The table below shows the planets of the solar system, their distance from the Sun, and their mean temperature.

Which of the following statements is correct?

• As distance from the Sun decreases, mean temperature decreases, then increases.

• As distance from the Sun increases, mean temperature increases.

• As distance from the Sun decreases, mean temperature decreases.

• As distance from the Sun increases, mean temperature decreases.

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