12.4 - Mutations(20pts.)

Match the following based on the type of mutation

• a type of mutation where one to few bases are substituted with different bases

• Mutation

• a type of mutation where large sections of the chromosome are affected

• Silent mutation

• a type of mutation caused by adding or deleting bases, affecting all the codons after the change

• Chromosomal mutation

• a type of mutation that doesn't result in a change in the amino acid sequence (same protein)

• Point mutation

• a change in the DNA sequence

• Frameshift mutation

Tags

HS-LS3-2

Match the following point mutations.

• Substitution Mutation

• 
• Deletion Frameshift Mutation

• 
• Insertion Frameshift Mutation

• 

Tags

HS-LS3-2

An organism is exposed to a mutagen, such as X-rays or ultraviolet light.

What could be the effect of the mutagen on the organism?

Select all of the

answers that apply.

• The mutagen may disrupt gene function to the harm of the organism.

• The mutagen may change gene function in a way that benefits the organism.

• The mutagen may change the genetic material of the cell from DNA to

  proteins.

• The mutagen may have little or no observable effect on the organism.

Answer explanation

Mutagens can disrupt gene function, change gene function (potentially beneficially), or have little to no observable effect on the organism.

Tags

HS-LS3-2

What are considered "positive" mutations?

• mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and harms the organism

• mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and benefits the organism

• mutations in the DNA sequence that produces the same protein

• all mutations are considered bad and harm the organisms

Answer explanation

Positive mutations are those in the DNA sequence that change the resulting protein and benefit the organism, rather than harm it.

Tags

HS-LS3-2

What are considered "negative" mutations?

• mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein/outcome that harms the organism

• mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein/ outcome that benefits the organism

• mutations in the DNA sequence that produces the same protein/ outcome

• all mutations are considered bad and harm the organisms

Answer explanation

Negative mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that result in harmful outcomes for the organism, such as altering proteins in a detrimental way.

Tags

HS-LS3-2

Original DNA = TAC GAC TTG AAT

Mutated DNA = TAC ACT TGA AT

What type of mutation has occurred?

• Chromosomal mutation

• Point mutation

• Frameshift mutation due to addition of base

• Frameshift mutation due to deletion of base

Answer explanation

The type of mutation that has occurred is a frameshift mutation due to the deletion of a base, causing a shift in the reading frame of the DNA sequence.

Tags

HS-LS3-2

What type of chromosomal mutation occurred?

• chromosomal insertion/duplication

• chromosomal deletion

• chromosomal inversion

• chromosomal translocation

Answer explanation

The correct type of chromosomal mutation that occurred is chromosomal inversion, where a segment of the chromosome is reversed in orientation.

Tags

HS-LS3-2

What type of chromosomal mutation occurred?

• chromosomal insertion/duplication

• chromosomal deletion

• chromosomal inversion

• chromosomal translocation

Answer explanation

The correct type of chromosomal mutation that occurred is chromosomal deletion, where a portion of the chromosome is lost.

Tags

HS-LS3-2

Original DNA = TAC GAC TTG AAT

Mutated DNA = TAC GAC TTG AAT

What type of mutation has occurred?

• Chromosomal mutation

• Point mutation

• Frameshift mutation

• No mutation occurred

Answer explanation

The mutated DNA sequence is identical to the original DNA sequence, indicating that no mutation has occurred.

Tags

HS-LS3-2

What type of mutation is shown in this picture?

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Substitution

• No mutation

Answer explanation

The type of mutation shown in the picture is an Insertion, where an extra nucleotide is added into the DNA sequence.

Tags

HS-LS3-2