Rock Cycle

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

• Deposition, compaction, and cementation

• Melting, cooling, and crystallization

• Weathering, metamorphism, and recrystallization

• Erosion, transportation, and lithification

What are the two main classifications of igneous rocks?

• Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

• Intrusive (plutonic) rocks and extrusive (volcanic) rocks

• Basaltic and granitic rocks

• Igneous and sedimentary rocks

What are the characteristics of metamorphic rocks?

• Sedimentary textures, erosion, weathering

• Mineral cleavage, sediment deposition, fossil formation

• Foliated textures, mineral recrystallization, development of new minerals

• Igneous textures, volcanic activity, magma cooling

How do weathering and erosion affect the rock cycle?

• Erosion only affects the appearance of rocks but does not impact the rock cycle.

• Weathering and erosion have no connection to the rock cycle.

• Weathering creates new rocks directly without affecting the rock cycle.

• Weathering breaks down rocks into sediments, which can be compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rocks. These rocks can then undergo metamorphism to become metamorphic rocks or melt to form magma for igneous rocks, completing the rock cycle.

What is the process of compaction and cementation in sedimentary rock formation?

• Compaction is the process of breaking down sediments into smaller particles. Cementation involves the growth of plant roots in the sediments.

• Compaction involves heating sediments to high temperatures. Cementation is the process of erosion by wind and water.

• Compaction refers to the melting of sediments. Cementation is the process of volcanic activity forming rocks.

• Compaction involves squeezing sediments under pressure, reducing pore space. Cementation is the process where minerals precipitate in the pore spaces, binding the sediments together.

Name one example of a common sedimentary rock.

• Granite

• Sandstone

• Limestone

• Marble

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

• Intrusive rocks form on the surface, while extrusive rocks form beneath the Earth's surface.

• Intrusive igneous rocks form beneath the Earth's surface, while extrusive igneous rocks form on the Earth's surface.

• Intrusive rocks are formed by volcanic eruptions, while extrusive rocks are formed by tectonic movements.

• Intrusive rocks are fine-grained, while extrusive rocks are coarse-grained.

How does heat and pressure contribute to the formation of metamorphic rocks?

• Heat and pressure cause erosion of existing rocks, forming metamorphic rocks.

• Heat and pressure cause melting of existing rocks, forming metamorphic rocks.

• Heat and pressure cause recrystallization of minerals in existing rocks, forming metamorphic rocks.

• Heat and pressure cause weathering of existing rocks, forming metamorphic rocks.

Give an example of a rock that undergoes metamorphism.

• Marble

• Limestone

• Sandstone

• Granite

Explain the role of water in weathering and erosion.

• Water physically breaks down rocks and transports sediment, contributing to weathering and erosion.

• Water causes rocks to become stronger and more resistant to erosion

• Water only contributes to weathering but not erosion

• Water has no impact on weathering and erosion