Kaplan F&E Review Questions

Two days after a total thyroidectomy, a client reports painful spasms of the hands. The client says, "My muscles tingle and twitch." The nurse identifies the client has developed which electrolyte imbalance?

• Hypernatremia

• Hypophosphatemia

• Hypocalcemia

• Hyperkalemia

The nurse identifies nasogastric drainage, vomiting, diarrhea, and the use of diuretics as the likely cause of which electrolyte imbalance?

• Hypernatremia

• Hyperkalemia

• Hyponatremia

• Hypokalemia

A client diagnosed with HTN as been prescribed a diuretic to take daily. The client experiences lower leg cramps. The nurse notes the client's serum potassium level is 2.9 mEq/L. Which intervention does the nurse perform to assist in maintaining a normal serum potassium?

• Encourages the client to hold any prescribed diuretics when the potassium level is below 3.5 mEq/L.

• Allows the client to verbalize concerns about the diagnosis of HTN.

• Teaches the client about the importance of eating bananas and drinking orange juice.

• Encourages the client to engage in regular exercise.

A client diagnosed with AIDS has recurrent bouts of diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Which client goal is the MOST important?

• The client will maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

• The client will report a decreased sense of social isolation

• The client will verbalize improvement of activity tolerance

• The client will express grief regarding the diagnosis

The nurse provides care for a client diagnosed with heart failure who is receiving IV fluids. The client states, "I keep coughing and coughing. Maybe I am getting a cold." What action should the nurse take FIRST?

• Stop the IV fluids

• Place the client in high Fowlers position

• Auscultate the client's lungs

• Provide a humidifier in the client's room

A client receives fluid replacement because of dehydration. The nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the treatment. Which finding causes the MOST concern?

• An increase in urinary output

• A decrease in BP of 5 mmHg when standing

• An increase in level of consciousness

• An increase in respiratory effort

The nurse cares for a toddler with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Which intervention is BEST for the nurse to perform to maintain an adequate fluid intake?

• Place on NPO status and give hypotonic solutions intravenously

• Force fluids and give hypertonic solutions intravenously

• Provide gelatin and ice pops to increase fluid intake

• Offer oral rehydration solutions (ORS) to re-hydrate