Spontaneous and Non-Spontaneous Process and Entropy

What is a spontaneous process?

• A spontaneous process is a process that requires external influence to occur.

• A spontaneous process is a process that violates the laws of thermodynamics.

• A spontaneous process is a process that moves away from equilibrium.

• A spontaneous process is a process that occurs without any external influence and tends to move towards equilibrium.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

What best defines a non-spontaneous process?

• A non-spontaneous process occurs naturally.

• A non-spontaneous process is always fast.

• A non-spontaneous process requires an input of energy to occur.

• A spontaneous process releases energy.

What are the factors that affect entropy?

• Temperature, phase change, and number of particles

• Shape, texture, taste

• Time, distance, speed

• Color, density, mass

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Best describe entropy.

• Entropy is a measure of order in a system.

• Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

• Entropy is a measure of predictability in a system.

• Entropy is a measure of energy in a system.

Give an example of a spontaneous process.

• Boiling of water

• Freezing of water

• Rolling of ball uphill

• Rusting of iron

Provide an example of a non-spontaneous process.

• Freezing water at 0°C

• Boiling water at room temperature

• Charging a battery

• Mixing oil and water

How does temperature affect entropy?

• Temperature has no effect on entropy.

• Temperature decreases entropy.

• Temperature reverses entropy.

• Temperature increases entropy.

Relationship between spontaneity and entropy.

• Spontaneity is inversely related to entropy.

• Spontaneity is directly related to the increase in entropy.

• Entropy has no impact on spontaneity.

• Spontaneity decreases as entropy increases.

What role does energy play in determining spontaneity?

• Energy determines spontaneity through the Gibbs free energy equation, where a negative ΔG indicates spontaneity.

• Spontaneity is only influenced by pressure

• Spontaneity is solely determined by temperature

• Energy has no impact on spontaneity

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-1

How can entropy be increased in a system?

• Decrease disorder

• Lower temperature

• Remove particles

• Introduce disorder, increase temperature, or add more particles