Abnormal Postural Control

With what activities are falls associated in persons with neurologic pathology?

• Eating and drinking

• Mobility, occurring during walking, transfers, and stair climbing

• Reading and writing

• Sleeping and resting

What does alignment in the context of steady-state balance refer to?

• The ability to maintain a steady heart rate

• The relationship of body segments to one another and to the position of the body with reference to surrounds, gravity, and base of support

• The specific exercises required to maintain balance

• The type of footwear needed to improve balance

How does alignment influence muscle activity in steady-state balance?

• It influences the fashion trends in sportswear

• It influences how muscles are recruited and coordinated for recovery of stability

• It has no influence on muscle activity

• It only influences the muscles of the lower body

What is used to assess stability during quiet stance in patients with impaired steady-state balance?

• Single- or dual-force plates

• MRI scans

• Blood tests

• Reflex hammer

Pathology in which part of the brain is associated with directionally specific increased postural sway?

• Cerebellum

• Frontal lobe

• Hippocampus

• Amygdala

Weight-bearing asymmetry (WBA) and lateralized control strategies are used for maintaining stable stance position in cases of:

• Impaired steady-state balance

• Cognitive impairments

• Visual deficits

• Auditory problems

Stability limits in postural control are determined by all of the following EXCEPT:

• Biomechanics of body

• Subjective perceptions

• Postural control abilities

• Dietary habits

What is an important prognostic indicator of outcomes following a stroke?

• Steady-State Balance in Running

• Steady-State Balance in Sitting

• Steady-State Balance in Standing

• Steady-State Balance in Walking

Which component is important for sitting balance?

• Control of the legs

• Control of the arms

• Control of the trunk

• Control of the head

What does the clinical examination of impaired steady-state balance include?

• Examination of reflexes, muscle strength, and coordination

• Examination of vision, hearing, and speech

• Examination of alignment, postural sway, and stability limits

• Examination of cognitive function, attention, and memory