Exam 4 A&P part 2&3

What are the two types of gated ion channels in the nervous system?

• Chemically gated ion Channels

• Voltage gated ion channels

• Sodium gated ion channels

• Potassium gated channels

What protein gated ion channel is this?

• Chemically gated ion channels

• Voltage gated ion channels

• Sodium gated ion channels

• Potassium gated ion channels

What is the disctiption of chemically gated ion channels

• Proteins channels with a receptor & the ligand, chemical binds to it either open or close it

• Open and close in response to changes in voltage on the membrane

• Proteins channels with a receptor & the ligand, the change in voltage causes it to either open or close it

• Open and close in response to chemicals on the membrane

What are the main membrane potentials and where are they when the membrane potential is rested

• Sodium - outside - move across cell membrane

• Sodium - inside - move across cell membrane

• Chloride - inside - move across cell membrane

• Potassium - inside - move across cell membrane

• Calcium - outside - move across cell membrane

This is a membrane potential.
Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca+), Chloride (Cl-)
Two main red horizontal line - axolemma

(-) & (+) are net charges inside and outside the membrane potentials
Sodium & Potassium move throughout the membrane

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What is the volts of a resting membrane potential ?
(what is rest) (what is even)

• 0.0070 volts = - 70 millivolts

• 0.0080 volts = - 80 millivolts

• 30.0 volts = + 30 millivolts

• 50.0 volts = + 50 millivolts

What are the three steps of Active Potential Membrane
1)
2)
3)
And the secretly 4th step?

• 1) Depolarization

  2) Repolarization
  3) Hyperonization
  4) Return to Rest

• 1) Hyperonization

  2) Repolarization

  3) Return to Rest
  4) Depolarization

• 1) Repolarization
  2) Hyperonization
  3) Depolarization
  4) Return to Rest

• 1) Hyperonization
  2) Return to Rest
  3)) Repolarization
  4) Depolarization

What is depolarization ?

• The voltage gate sodium channel open and sodium moves into the cell. Only sodium moves in and nothing moves out so millivolt inside the cell goes more positive to +30

• Voltage gates sodium channels close and stop sodium flow and potassium channel open. Potassium leaves the cell and the inside goes to -70 polarization.

• The Potassium channels take to long to close so excess potassium exiting the membrane and polarization drops to -80

• The voltage gate sodium channel open and sodium moves into the cell. Only sodium moves in and nothing moves out so millivolt inside the cell goes drops to -70

What is Repolarization ?

• Voltage gated sodium channels close and stop sodium flow and potassium channel open. Potassium leaves the cell and the inside goes to -70 polarization.

• The voltage gated sodium channel open and sodium moves into the cell. Only sodium moves in and nothing moves out so millivolt inside the cell goes more positive to +30 

• The Potassium channels take to long to close so excess potassium exiting the membrane and polarization drops to -80

• Then sodium potassium pump is working to redistribute potassium and sodium and it get to -70 millivolts 

What is Hyperpolarization?

• The Potassium channels take to long to close so excess potassium exiting the membrane and polarization drops to -80

• The voltage gated sodium channel open and sodium moves into the cell. Only sodium moves in and nothing moves out so millivolt inside the cell goes more positive to +30 

• The Potassium channels take to long to close so excess potassium exiting the membrane and polarization drops to -90

• Then sodium potassium pump is working to redistribute potassium and sodium and it get to -70 millivolts