LS4.1 & LS4.2

What is natural selection?

• The process by which individuals with beneficial traits produce more offspring, leading to changes in the traits of a population over time.

• The ability of an individual to change its traits in response to changes in the environment.

• The process by which individuals choose their mates based on their traits.

• A random process that leads to the development of new species.

What does adaptation refer to in the context of evolution?

• The process by which a species becomes extinct.

• The process by which a species changes its location to find a better habitat.

• The adjustments or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to become more suited to an environment.

• The ability of an organism to live without water.

What is speciation?

• The process by which new species are created from the existing species.

• The extinction of a species.

• The migration of a species from one habitat to another.

• The process by which species lose their ability to reproduce.

What are homologous structures?

• Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.

• Structures that have the same function in different species but do not have a common ancestry.

• Structures that are different in every species.

• Structures that appear during the embryonic development but disappear before birth.

What does allele frequency refer to?

• The speed at which an allele moves through a population.

• The proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies in the population.

• The number of alleles in a single organism.

• The total number of alleles in a species.

What is divergent evolution?

• The process by which two different species evolve similar traits.

• The process by which two species from the same ancestor evolve different traits, leading them to become increasingly different.

• The merging of two species into one.

• The process by which a species splits into two different species.

What is convergent evolution?

• The process by which two species from the same ancestor evolve to look more alike.

• The process by which unrelated species evolve similar traits because they live in similar environments.

• The process by which species diverge from a common ancestor.

• The process by which a single species evolves into two different species.

Which of the following is an example of adaptation?

• A polar bear's white fur, which helps it blend in with its snowy environment.

• The extinction of the dinosaurs.

• The migration of birds to warmer climates during winter.

• The development of a new species of bacteria in a laboratory.

How does natural selection affect allele frequencies in a population?

• It does not affect allele frequencies.

• It increases the frequency of alleles that confer beneficial traits.

• It decreases the frequency of all alleles equally.

• It randomly changes allele frequencies without any direction.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between homologous structures and evolution?

• Homologous structures indicate that species with similar structures are not related.

• Homologous structures are a result of convergent evolution.

• Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry among species.

• Homologous structures are unrelated to the concept of evolution.