Unit 5: Cognition Warm Up

Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:

• framing.
• belief bias.
• representativeness heuristics.
• confirmation bias.

Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 

• the representativeness heuristic.
• belief perseverance.
• confirmation bias.
• functional fixedness.

According to the serial position effect, you will remember more: 

• items at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.
• nitems in the middle of a list, than at the beginning and end.
• vocabulary words if you process them visually.
• nvocabulary words if you process them acoustically.

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 

• the availability heuristic.
• functional fixedness.
• an algorithm.
• the representativeness heuristic.

A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying

• Computational learning
• Paired-associate learning
• Hypothetical thinking
• Divergent thinking

You are used to driving a car with a standard shift.  Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission.  As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift.  This tendency is most likely due to: 

• nretroactive interference.
• proactive interference.
• motivated forgetting.
• encoding failure.

“The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory.

• short-term
  
• explicit
• implicit
• sensory

The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to

• save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
• avoid the issue of functional fixedness.
• yield more accurate solutions to problems.
• involve greater reliance on language skills.

A mental grouping of similar things, events or people is called a(n):

• Prototype
• Concept
• Algorithm
• Heuristic

Airline reservations typically decline after a highly publicized airplane crash because people overestimate the incidence of such disasters. In such instances, people’s decisions are being influenced by:

• Belief bias
• The availability heuristic
• The representativeness heuristic
• Functional fixedness