STAAR released questions - Biomolecules and DNA

Eight components present in nucleic acids are listed in the box. Which components bond with adenine in a section of double-stranded DNA?

• 1, 3, 5, and 6 only

• 3 and 5 only

• 2 and 4 only

• 3, 4, 7, and 8 only

Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?

• The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

• The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

• The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

• The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein. What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?

• The substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme.

• The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate.

• The products made from the enzyme and the substrate will be changed.

• The enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a genetic modification technique that edits parts of the genome of an organism. Using this technique scientists can add, remove, or modify sections of the DNA sequence. How can scientists use this technique to control gene expression?

• By activating or deactivating specific genes

• By calculating the number of genes different organisms produce

• By identifying how closely related one individual is to another

• By determining the number of chromosomes in an organism

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene. Which type of mutation does the model demonstrate?

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Substitution

• Translocation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of these components are found in the cells of all living organisms?

• Estrogen and testosterone

• Hemoglobin and lymphocytes

• Cytosine and guanine

• Cellulose and chlorophyll

A table of four types of carbohydrates is shown. Which list correctly matches the functions to the types of carbohydrates?

• Energy: glycogen and starch
  
  Structure: cellulose and chitin

• Energy: cellulose and chitin
  
  Structure: glycogen and starch

• Energy: chitin and glycogen
  
  Structure: cellulose and starch

• Energy: cellulose and starch
  
  Structure: chitin and glycogen

A segment of a DNA strand is shown.
3’ AGGTCAGGT 5’
Which of these is the correct complementary DNA strand for the segment shown?

• 5’ AGGTCAGGT 3’

• 5’ ACCUGAGGU 3’

• 5’ TGGACTGGA 3

• 5’ TCCAGTCCA 3’

Which table shows two steps of DNA replication?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Which of these shows an example of an insertion mutation?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2