Chapter 14

Negative effects of stress are most likely to be experienced when an event is perceived as ______.

• negative, but it is likely to affect one’s friends

• challenging

• confusing

• threatening, and no clear options for dealing with it are apparent

Between 2006 and 2009, the greatest increases in stress levels were found to occur among ______.

• Black people

• those aged 45–64

• the unemployed

• those without college degrees

While waiting to pay for his weekly groceries at the supermarket, Paul had to wait about 20 minutes in a long line at the checkout because only one cashier was on duty. When he was finally ready to pay, his debit card was declined because he did not have enough money left in his checking account. Because he had left his credit cards at home, he had to place the groceries back into the cart and head home to retrieve a credit card. While driving back to his home, traffic was backed up two miles due to an accident. These events that Paul had to endure are best characterized as ______.

• chronic stressors

• acute stressors

• daily hassles

• readjustment occurrences

What is one of the major criticisms of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

• It has too few items.

• It was developed using only people from the New England region of the United States.

• It does not take into consideration how a person appraises an event.

• None of the items included are positive.

Which of the following is not a dimension of job burnout?

• depersonalization

• hostility

• exhaustion

• diminished personal accomplishment

The risk of heart disease is especially high among individuals with ________.

• depression

• asthma

• telomeres

• lymphocytes

The most lethal dimension of Type A behavior pattern seems to be ________.

• hostility

• impatience

• time urgency

• competitive drive

Emotion-focused coping would likely be a better method than problem-focused coping for dealing with which of the following stressors?

• terminal cancer

• poor grades in school

• unemployment

• divorce

Studies of British civil servants have found that those in the lowest status jobs are much more likely to develop heart disease than those who have high status jobs. These findings attest to the importance of ________ in dealing with stress.

• biofeedback

• social support

• perceived control

• emotion-focused coping

Relative to those with low levels of social support, individuals with high levels of social support ________.

• are more likely to develop asthma

• tend to have less perceived control

• are more likely to develop cardiovascular disorders

• tend to tolerate stress well