This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures. Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than to javelinas

Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer than to hippopotamuses

Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales.

Cows and mouse deer are more closely related than javelinas and pigs.

Why would a scientist use a transmission electron microscope (TEM) instead of a compound microscope to view a tissue sample?

The TEM will produce an image with a higher resolution.

The TEM allows viewing of individual atoms.

The TEM image will be three-dimensional.

The TEM is used for live samples.

In sheep, producing white wool (W) is dominant to black wool (w), and having brown eyes (E) is dominant to blue eyes (e). A cross of two heterozygous sheep is shown in the Punnett square below. Which of the following describes an outcome of this cross?

3/16 will have black wool and brown eyes

1/16 will have white wool and brown eyes

4/16 will have white wool and blue eyes

9/16 will have black wool and blue eyes

Which event will result in a phenotypic change in the offspring of a human?

separation failure of a homologous chromosome in a gamete cell

chromosome inversion in a cheek cell

insertion of a nucleotide in a DNA strand in a skin cell

amino acid substitution in a growing protein strand in a kidney cell

Which statement is best supported by the graph?

While exercising, the highest average pulse rate was 150, before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.

Before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65; four minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.

After four minutes of exercising, the average pulse rate was 120, two minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 120.

Two minutes before exercising, the average pulse rate was 80; after two minutes of exercise, the average pulse rate was 140.

Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?

The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.

DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same.

Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells.

Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.

Researchers discover that a laboratory mouse they are studying has brain cancer. What is the most likely underlying cause of this cancer?

mutations in the DNA that affect mitosis

failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis

excess enzyme production in the brain cells

increased blood flow to the brain

Genetic recombination occurs in many organisms. Which statement explains genetic recombination?

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during meiosis and increases genetic variation in offspring.

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during mitosis and results in offspring identical to the parents.

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during protein synthesis and increases genetic variation in offspring.

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during DNA replication and results in offspring that are identical to the parents.

Which best describes the final result of meiosis?

four haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

two haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

two diploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

four diploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

A Punnett square of red (R) and white (r) flower colors is shown below. Which explanation describes how the presence of a white flower color occurred in the offspring?

Parents are heterozygous for the recessive gene expressing white color.

Parents are homozygous for the dominant gene expressing red color.

Parents are heterozygous for the dominant gene expressing red color.

Parents are homozygous for the recessive gene expressing white color.

Scientists once thought the giant panda was a type of bear. Later, scientists classified giant pandas as relatives of the bear and lesser pandas as relatives of the raccoon. The diagram below shows the revised classification. Which type of evidence would provide the best support for this classification?

Giant pandas share more genes with bears, while lesser pandas share more genes with raccoons.

Giant pandas and lesser pandas began to occupy different habitats.

Giant pandas and lesser pandas began to eat different types of foods.

Giant pandas and lesser pandas developed different types of mating behaviors.

Gene flow occurs when animals, such as butterflies, move between populations, as shown below. What will most likely happen to the gene pool if there is constant gene flow between the butterfly populations?

The gene pool for each butterfly population will become similar.

There will be less variety of genes in one butterfly population.

There will be only one butterfly population left with a gene pool.

The number of genes found in each butterfly population will double.

The diagram below shows two setups used to study bacterial growth. Each setup initially contained an equal number of the bacterium E. coli in different carbohydrate solutions. After one hour, a 1-milliliter sample was drawn from each tube and analyzed. The number of bacteria found in the sample from test tube 1 was higher than the number in the sample from test tube 2. What conclusion regarding this investigation is NOT valid?

All bacteria grow better in a solution of glucose than in a solution of sucrose.

The type of sugar solution will make a difference in the rate of growth of E. coli.

E. coli grows better in a 10% solution of glucose than in a 10% solution of sucrose.

The rate of growth of E. coli depends on the type of carbohydrate present.

Which two macromolecules are used as the primary source of energy for cellular functions?

carbohydrates and nucleic acids

In 1839 Theodor Schwann used the scientific studies of several scientists to create the first "cell theory" which stated: 1 - All organisms consist of one or more cells. 2 - The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms. In 1855 Rudolf Virchow added a third part which stated: 3 - All cells come from existing cells. Which of the following best explains why the cell theory is a theory and not a law?

D. A theory is based on the most current experimental data and may change as new technology and discoveries are made.

A. Before becoming a law, a conclusion must first be a testable theory.

B. There was not enough scientific evidence during this time period to support Schwann’s ideas as a law.

C. Information about living organisms can only be classified as a theory because organisms are always evolving.

Which biological theory was being formed during this timeline?

theory of acquired characteristics

The diagram below represents a cell in water. Formulas of molecules that can move freely across the cell membrane are shown. Some molecules are located inside the cell, and others are in the water outside the cell. Based on the distribution of these molecules, what will most likely happen after a certain amount of time?

The concentration of O2 will increase inside the cell.

The concentration of O2 will remain the same outside the cell.

The concentration of CO2 will remain the same inside the cell.

The concentration of CO2 will decrease outside the cell.

Both the cell membrane and the cell wall act to protect the organelles within a cell. Which of the following best describes how the cell membrane is different from the cell wall?

The cell membrane only controls what crosses into the cell, whereas the cell wall only maintains a cell's rigidity.

The cell membrane is made of a tough cellulose fiber, whereas the cell wall is made of a flexible glycogen fiber.

The cell membrane is a single-layered membrane, whereas the cell wall is a double-layered membrane.

The cell wall is only found in plant cells, whereas the cell membrane is found in plant and animal cells.

The picture shows a type of cell. Which best describes the type of cell shown?

a prokaryotic cell because it does not have a nucleus

a plant cell because it has a cell wall

a eukaryotic cell because it has a nucleus

an animal cell because it does not have a cell wall

The diagram below shows a plant undergoing photosynthesis. What reactants are used during photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight?

glucose, carbon dioxide, water, and light energy

The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship?

The products of cellular respiration and the reactants of photosynthesis.

The reactants of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration use light energy to produce chemical energy.

Photosynthesis produces light energy while cellular respiration produces chemical energy.

A scientist discovers an important breakthrough in cancer treatment. The scientist thinks the information could save thousands of lives and immediately announces the results on national television, skipping peer review. How might other scientists react to this news?

They will be skeptical because the report was not peer-reviewed.

They will quickly start to use the new treatment on their patients.

They will congratulate the scientist for the discovery.

They will agree with the work and call the scientist a fraud.

Water is essential for life and is important for plant growth and function. Which property of water is most responsible for its ability to move from the root of a plant to the stem?

Water exhibits cohesive forces.

Water is able to moderate temperature.

Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature?

Water has a high heat capacity.

Water exhibits strong cohesion.

Water has an unusual crystalline structure.

Sophia produces the graph shown below during a biology class investigation. What could she infer about the probable difference between the original reaction and Reaction B, based on the data?

A catalyst was added to Reaction B.

Glucose was added to Reaction B

Additional water was added to Reaction B.

Additional reactants were added to Reaction B.

In an experiment observing yeast respiration, Douglas notes that during the first day, carbon dioxide was produced. After three days, alcohol was produced. Which statement below would explain these results?

The yeast cells were going through aerobic respiration for the first two days of the experiment then the cells switched to anaerobic respiration when the available oxygen was gone from the vessel.

It took three days for the yeast cells to finish a fermentation cycle to produce the alcohol.

The alcohol is formed from decaying yeast cells. Three days is the normal life span of a yeast cell.

Alcohol is formed from carbon dioxide when present with yeast, and the concentration of carbon dioxide had to be high enough for that reaction to occur.

Scientists have developed bioengineered crops that are more resistant to damage by frost, chemicals, and drought. Crops have been bioengineered also to produce larger crop yields. What is a potential drawback to increased use of bioengineered crops?

A loss of genetic variation will occur.

An increase in disease resistance.

Recent data indicate that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are increasing. What change in the carbon cycle has most likely caused this increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide?

an increase in the burning of fossil fuels

a decrease in photosynthesis by plants

an increase in cellular respiration by plants

a decrease in decomposition by soil bacteria

Human pregnancies take approximately 40 weeks to reach completion and are divided into three trimesters. The changes that occur in a fetus are listed below. Which list correctly relates the changes that take place during each trimester of pregnancy?

1st trimster - heart develops; 2nd trimester - reproductive organs develop; 3rd trimester - lungs develop

1st trimester - reproductive organs develop; 2nd trimester - lungs develop; 3rd trimester - heart develops

1st trimester - lungs develop; 2nd trimester - heart develops; 3rd trimester - reproductive organs develop

1st trimester - heart develops; 2nd trimester - lungs develop; 3rd trimester - reproductive organs develop

The genetic information within a cell must be preserved for the cell to continue its functions. Where is this genetic information safely stored inside a eukaryotic plant or animal cell?

on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

within the lipid layers of the cell membrane

The drawing below shows the magnified surface of a plant leaf. How does this component contribute to the survival of the plant?

It allows the intake of gases necessary for photosynthesis.

It allows the intake of minerals necessary for plant growth.

It allows the intake of sunlight necessary for ATP production.

It allows the intake of sugars necessary for plant reproduction.

The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing weakened polio viruses. Which of the following statements explains why vaccinated individuals become protected against polio?

Weakened viruses promote production of antibodies.

Weakened viruses prevent further viral invasion.

Weakened viruses are too weak to cause illness.

Weakened viruses induce an inflammatory response.

The rate at which blood flows through the human body changes in response to many factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and its effects on blood flow?

High blood viscosity increases the resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slower blood flow.

The narrowing of blood vessels increases pressure and leads to faster blood flow

Low blood pH decreases the rate of diffusion through the blood vessels and leads to slower blood flow.

The changing of the shape of red blood cells to a crescent shape decreases resistance and leads to faster blood flow.

Charles Darwin described how species change over time. Which of the following is NOT a part of his observations that describes the mechanisms of natural selection?

Disease and natural disaster will limit population growth.

Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.

Species today descended with modifications from ancestral species

Organisms with advantages will survive and reproduce.

A community is concerned about the water quality of a nearby lake. Increased sedimentation in hte lake is endangering the native fish and crustaceans. The increased sedimentation is most likely caused by which of the following?

construction of homes along the lake

trees planted along the shore of the lake

the amount of sunlight on the lake

The common brushtail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to New Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundance of food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand?

The ecosystem experienced a loss of biodiversity due to the possum outcompeting native species.

The possum developed a shorter lifespan.

The possum population evolved into a different species.

Biology EOC review

9th Grade

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56 Qs

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NGSS

HS-LS3-2, HS-LS1-7, HS-LS2-5

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Tiffany Hawkins

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56 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which statement best describes the diagrams shown?

Diagram A represents meiosis resulting in identical daughter cells. Diagram B represents mitosis resulting in identical daughter cells.

Diagram A represents meiosis resulting in genetically unique daughter cells. Diagram B represents mitosis resulting in genetically identical daughter cells.

Diagram A represents mitosis resulting in genetically identical daughter cells. Diagram B represents meiosis resulting in genetically unique daughter cells.

Diagram A represents mitosis and increased genetic diversity in daughter cells. Diagram B represents meiosis and decreased genetic diversity in daughter cells.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which inference is supported by the clear area between the mold and the bacteria?

Mold and bacteria need each other to grow.

Mold releases a substance that prevents bacteria growth.

Mold growth is aided by nutrients from bacteria in the air.

Mold is unable to grow in the presence of air and bacteria.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

When nurse sharks find that brightly colored red crabs move more slowly and are easier to catch than other crabs, they will change their behaviors to catch these brightly colored crabs more often. What behavioral change would you expect to see in the brightly colored red crabs over time?

The brightly colored red crabs will leave the area to look for a habitat that does not have any predators that like to eat them.

The brightly colored red crabs will learn to avoid the predators and will not be eaten anymore after subsequent generations.

Faster bright red crabs will survive longer, will reproduce more, and will have more offspring. Over time, the bright red crabs will become faster.

There will be no change in the behavior of the brightly colored red crabs. They will just learn to exist with the predators the way they are.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

While walking through a rainforest, a zoologist spots a colorful organism growing on a dead tree stump. Further examination reveals this organism is a multicellular organism, possesses a nucleus, and has cell walls but no chloroplasts. The zoologist would most likely place this organism into which kingdom?

Fungi

Decomposers

Prokaryotes

Plantae

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The diagram below shows different models of DNA replication. Regardless of the replication model, why must the DNA strand first unzip?

to allow the DNA to form a double helix

to shorten and thicken the chromosomes for mitosis

to separate the chromosomes from their homologous pair

to expose the sequence of bases to their matching complementary bases

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Look at the picture below. Scientists have noticed that the limbs of vertebrates are all built upon the same basic structure. What conclusion have scientists made based on these observations?

All vertebrates fossilize similarly.

All vertebrates move in the same way.

All vertebrates have evolved to live out of the water.

All vertebrates come from the same common ancestor.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The diagram below shows the changes in skull structure between early hominids and modern humans. Which characteristic develops in the skulls over time?

prominent brow ridge

smaller jaw bone

smaller volume

larger teeth

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

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56 questions

Which statement best describes the diagrams shown?

Which inference is supported by the clear area between the mold and the bacteria?

When nurse sharks find that brightly colored red crabs move more slowly and are easier to catch than other crabs, they will change their behaviors to catch these brightly colored crabs more often. What behavioral change would you expect to see in the brightly colored red crabs over time?

The diagram below shows different models of DNA replication. Regardless of the replication model, why must the DNA strand first unzip?

Look at the picture below. Scientists have noticed that the limbs of vertebrates are all built upon the same basic structure. What conclusion have scientists made based on these observations?

The diagram below shows the changes in skull structure between early hominids and modern humans. Which characteristic develops in the skulls over time?

In the 1950s, Stanley Miller performed experiments to study the origins of life. He created an atmosphere rich in methane, hydrogen, ammonia, water, and simulated lightning. Which substances were most likely produced during Miller's experiments?

This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures. Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

Why would a scientist use a transmission electron microscope (TEM) instead of a compound microscope to view a tissue sample?

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