Geography: Earthquakes and Volcanoes

What is the theory that explains the movement of Earth's lithosphere plates?

• Continental Drift

• Earthquake Theory

• Volcanic Eruption Model

• Plate Tectonics

Which type of seismic waves are the fastest and arrive first during an earthquake?

• Secondary waves (S-waves)

• Primary waves (P-waves)

• Love waves

• Surface waves

What is the term for the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves?

• earthquake

• tornado

• volcano eruption

• tsunami

How is earthquake magnitude measured using the Richter scale?

• Measurement of the earthquake's depth

• Counting the number of aftershocks

• Logarithm of the amplitude of seismic waves recorded on seismographs

• Estimating the duration of the earthquake

Name the two main types of volcanoes based on their shape and eruption style.

• cone volcanoes

• caldera volcanoes

• dome volcanoes

• shield volcanoes and stratovolcanoes

What are the three main types of tectonic plate boundaries?

• Divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, and transform boundaries.

• Converging boundaries, sliding boundaries, and separating boundaries

• Subducting boundaries, sliding boundaries, and separating boundaries

• Colliding boundaries, sliding boundaries, and separating boundaries

What are some examples of natural hazards associated with earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?

• Droughts

• Hurricanes

• Tsunamis, landslides, liquefaction, pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, lahars

• Blizzards

How is the strength of a volcanic eruption classified using the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)?

• VEI is determined by the color of the eruption plume

• The strength of a volcanic eruption is classified using the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) based on factors like volume of erupted materials, height of eruption column, and duration of the eruption. The VEI scale ranges from 0 to 8, with 0 being non-explosive and 8 being the most powerful.

• The VEI scale ranges from 1 to 10

• VEI classification is solely based on the type of volcanic rock

What are some strategies for dealing with earthquakes, especially in earthquake-prone areas?

• Spread misinformation about earthquake safety

• Stock up on flammable materials

• Secure heavy furniture, create an emergency plan, have emergency supplies, reinforce buildings, educate the community.

• Ignore evacuation orders

How does building design play a crucial role in minimizing damage during earthquakes?

• By using heavy and rigid materials that can withstand the impact

• By ignoring seismic regulations and guidelines

• By constructing buildings with tall and narrow structures

• By using flexible materials, base isolation systems, and dampers to absorb seismic energy.