Unit 2 - AC2.2 part 5/5 Individualistic Theories (Moral&Cog)

What does the term 'cognition' refer to?

• The study of crime and criminal behavior

• Thinking and mental processes such as attitudes, beliefs, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making

• The process by which criminals are rehabilitated

• The legal system and its impact on society

According to Yochelson and Samenow (1976), what leads criminals to commit crime?

• Social influences and peer pressure

• Faulty thinking

• Lack of education

• Economic disadvantages

What is the basis of Yochelson and Samenow's belief about criminal behavior?

• A survey of public opinion on crime

• A long-term study of 240 male offenders, most of whom had been committed to a psychiatric hospital

• An analysis of crime rates in urban areas

• A review of criminal laws and their enforcement

Which of the following is NOT listed as an error or bias in thinking according to Yochelson and Samenow?

• Lying

• Secretiveness

• Empathy for others

• Seeing themselves as the victim

What is the main argument of Yochelson and Samenow regarding criminals?

• Criminals are born with a genetic predisposition to commit crime

• Criminals are a product of their environment and society

• Criminals show a range of errors and biases in their thinking and decision-making that lead them to commit crime

• Criminals lack the necessary education to distinguish right from wrong

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, how many stages are there?

• Four stages

• Five stages

• Six stages

• Seven stages

What is the primary focus of moral logic as suggested by Kohlberg's theory?

• Achieving personal happiness

• Seeking and maintaining justice

• Following societal norms

• Maximizing economic outcomes

Which of the following is a key question that arises when discussing moral development?

• How do children learn mathematics?

• How do people develop morality?

• How do individuals achieve success?

• How do societies form laws?

What role is suggested to possibly play a greater role in moral development?

• Genetic inheritance

• Parental or societal influences

• Intelligence quotient (IQ)

• Physical abilities

What is the focus of the corrections to the thinking errors?

• Developing goals and learning from the past

• Ignoring past experiences

• Making decisions based on assumptions

• Using fear as a guide