Ch 15 Genes & Proteins

DONE WITH PART ONE 11 DONE 10 MORE TO DO FOR SECTION 2( 12 IN NOTES)

What is the role of RNA in the process of transcription?

• RNA acts as the final protein product.

• RNA is the intermediate between genes and the proteins for which they code.

• RNA directly synthesizes proteins without the need for DNA.

• RNA permanently alters the DNA structure during transcription.

Answer explanation

RNA is the intermediate between genes and the proteins for which they code, serving as a messenger in the transcription process.

What is produced during transcription?

• A protein sequence

• A DNA molecule

• An RNA sequence complementary to a DNA region called a gene

• A replica of the entire DNA strand

Answer explanation

During transcription, an RNA sequence complementary to a DNA region called a gene is produced, which serves as a template for protein synthesis.

How many strands of DNA are used as a template for transcription of each gene?

• Two strands for all genes

• Only one template strand of the DNA

• Multiple strands depending on the gene complexity

• No strands, as RNA is self-replicating

Answer explanation

Transcription of each gene involves using only one template strand of the DNA, not both strands. This process results in the synthesis of RNA molecules based on the information from the template strand.

For genes that encode proteins, what is the transcriptional product called?

• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• Messenger RNA (mRNA)

• DNA polymerase

Answer explanation

The transcriptional product for genes that encode proteins is called Messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

What is the process of synthesis of a polypeptide called?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• RNA processing

Answer explanation

The process of synthesis of a polypeptide is called Translation, where the mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to produce a specific amino acid sequence.

Where does translation occur?

• In the nucleus

• At the ribosomes

• Within the DNA

• At the RNA polymerase

Answer explanation

Translation occurs at the ribosomes where mRNA is decoded to produce a specific amino acid sequence, forming proteins.

What determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?

• The DNA sequence directly

• The sequence of ribosomal RNA

• The mRNA sequence

• The tRNA sequence

Answer explanation

The correct answer is the mRNA sequence because the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA molecule during translation.

Which types of RNA are required to read the mRNA and make a protein?

• mRNA and tRNA only

• mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

• mRNA and rRNA only

• tRNA and rRNA only

Answer explanation

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are required to read the mRNA and make a protein, as mRNA carries the genetic information, tRNA brings amino acids, and rRNA is part of the ribosome where protein synthesis occurs.

Translate this question to English language

• RNA has a sugar-phosphate backbone, while DNA does not.

• RNA contains uracil instead of thymine, which is found in DNA.

• RNA is double-stranded, while DNA is single-stranded.

• DNA is made by transcription, whereas RNA is not.