CHAPTER 6 Protein LESSON 1 Protein Structure

Protein is the second-most abundant _____in fat-free bodily tissues (water being the most abundant).

• chemical

• molecule

It plays a pivotal role in exercise recovery and it is involved in nearly all bodily functions and processes.

• protein

• carbs

Proteins are responsible for many functions throughout the body, including acid–base balance, energy production, cell signaling, and nutrient transport. For these reasons and many more, protein is an ______dietary nutrient for healthy living.

• abundant

• essential

Similar to other organic ______, protein is made from the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

• molecules

• matter

Protein is unique from the nutrients carbohydrate and fat because it is composed of______ , as well.

• iron

• nitrogen

The elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) combine to form the building blocks of protein, which are known as ______acids.

• nitric

• amino

All proteins are composed of amino acids. There are hundreds of amino acids in nature, yet there are just ___ amino acids that the human body requires to perform its various functions.

• 30

• 20

Amino acid structure and arrangement has five components: a central carbon, a carboxyl group (organic acid – COOH), a hydrogen, an amino group (NH₂), and a side chain (R group).

• True

• False

The side chain is what makes each individual amino acid _____, and, therefore, it is different between every amino acid.

• function

• unique

Essential amino acids (EAA) must be consumed in the diet because they are necessary for bodily functions and cannot be synthesized within the ______.

• organs

• body